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SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE

Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited. SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited. CHLORINE. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited. Safe Use of Chlorine. CHLORINE. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited. Use of Chlorine. Water purification. Bleaching of textiles.

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SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE

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  1. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited SAFE HANDLING OF CHLORINE

  2. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited CHLORINE

  3. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited Safe Use of Chlorine CHLORINE

  4. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited Use of Chlorine • Water purification. • Bleaching of textiles. • Pulp & Paper • Crop Protection (As pesticides & insecticides) • Pharmaceuticals and medical equipments. • PVC and plastics. • Refrigerants (F11, F12, F21, F22). • Industrial solvents : (CTC, MCB, and TCE) • Treatment of Cooling Water. • Rocket fuel (Chlorine Trifluride). CHLORINE Chlorine is involved in over 50% of all commercial chemistry

  5. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited Unsafe use of Chlorine CHLORINE 1 Vol. Liquid Chlorine = 457.6 Volumes of Chlorine gas.

  6. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Properties of Chlorine Physical state : Gas or liquid Colour : Greenish Yellow (gas) Clear amber (Liquid) Odour : Pungent, suffocating. Taste : Bitter Corrosivity : Corrosive. Water solubility : Slightly soluble Stability during transportation : Stable Boiling point : -34.5oC (1 atm) Melting point : -100.98oC (1 atm) Specific gravity : 1.4 at 20oC. Threshold limit : 1PPM (3mg/m3)

  7. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited What is Threshold Limit ? • TLV is average concentration of the substance in ambient air for a normal 8 Hours working or 40 Hrs work week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day without adverse effects: • Fatal dose : 1000 ppm (1 ppm = 3 gm/m3)

  8. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Hazard at atmospheric condition

  9. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Volume - Temperature relation in a container of Chlorine Temperature Volume % With increase of temperature of container the volume of liquid increased rapidly and at 70oC it crosses the capacity of container and damage of container is possible causing SERIOUS HAZARDS.

  10. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Temperature – vapour pressure relationship of liquid chlorine Vapour Pressure Temperature Vapour pressure of Liquid Chlorine increases rapidly with increase of temperature and bursting of container is always possible at higher temp. creating SERIOUS HAZARDS.

  11. Chlorine Cylinder Internals Gas Eduction Pipe Chlorine Gas Upper Valve (Gas) Lower Valve (Liquid) Liquid Chlorine Liquid Eduction Pipe Valve Bonnet

  12. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Detection of Chlorine Leakage Point Take a stick with a cloth bulb at one end. Soak the cloth bulb with aqua ammonia and hold it close to the area of suspected leak. A white cloud will indicate if there is any Chlorine leakage and the source thereof. • Note : • Avoid contact of ammonia with brass parts. • Use commercial 26oC Baume aqua ammonia.

  13. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Detection of Chlorine Leakage Point

  14. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Detection of Chlorine Leakage Point

  15. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers UNLOADING OF FILLED CONTAINERS: N.B. –DO NOT DROP CONTAINERS ON HARD SURFACE. DO NOT REMOVE VALVE HOOD UNTIL CONTAINER IS TO BE DISCHARGED.

  16. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers UNLOADING OF FILLED CONTAINERS:

  17. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers STORAGE:

  18. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers STORAGE:

  19. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers WHILE CONNECTING CONTAINER TO LIVE SYSTEM

  20. Chlorine Cylinder Internals Gas Eduction Pipe Chlorine Gas Upper Valve (Gas) Lower Valve (Liquid) Liquid Chlorine Liquid Eduction Pipe Valve Bonnet

  21. Pressure Gauge

  22. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers WHILE CONNECTING CONTAINER TO LIVE SYSTEM Note : 1) DO NOT USE RUBBER HOSE FOR LIQUID CHLORINE SERVICE. 2) USE SEAMLESS COPPER TUBE OR C.S. PIPING ONLY. 3) USE LEAD WASHERS.

  23. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers CHLORINE GAS TRANSFER

  24. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers CHLORINE GAS TRANSFER Note 1. DO NOT USE CHLORINE CONTAINER VALVE FOR FLOW CONTROL. 2. DO NOT HEAT CHLORINE CONTAINER FOR TAKING OUT CHLORINE GAS.

  25. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers DISCONNECTION AND RETURN OF EMPTY CONTAINERS

  26. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers • NOTE : • LEAVE A PRESSURE OF 0-0.5 Kg/CM2 OF CHLORINE GAS INSIDE THE CONTAINER WHEN IT HAS BEEN CONSUMED. • VALVE HOODS SHOULD ALWAYS REMAIN IN POSITION EXCEPT WHEN CONTAINER IS BEING USED.

  27. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Procedure to be followed for safe handling of Chlorine Containers LOADING OF TONNERS ON TRUCKS

  28. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage As soon as there is any indication of the presence of chlorine in the air immediate action should be taken to locate the leak. This is best done with the help of acqua ammonia. Tie a cloth to the end of a stick, soak the cloth with aqua ammonia and hold it close to the suspected area. A dense white smoke of Ammonium Chloride develops which will reveal the point from which the Chlorine is escaping.

  29. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage Management • Take immediate steps to mitigate the situation as soon as there is any indication of presence of Chlorine in the air. • Chlorine leaks always get worse, if not attended promptly. • If the leak is major one, all persons in the path of the gas must be warned to leave the area and asked to keep on the wind ward side of the leak and higher than the leak. Since gaseous Chlorine is 2½ times heavier than air, it tends to lie close to the ground.

  30. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage Management • WATER SHOULD NEVER BE SPRAYED ON A CHLORINE LEAK. If it is done, will make the leak worse because of corrosive action of wet chlorine. Moreover heat from water increases evaporation rate of Chlorine. • If a container is leaking in such a position that chlorine is escaping as a liquid, the container should be turned so that Chlorine gas escapes. This reduces the hazards tremendously due to the following reasons: • The quantity of the gas escaping from a gas leak is about 1/15th of the amount that escapes a liquid leak through the same size hole. • 1 Vol. Liquid Chlorine = 457.6 Volumes of Chlorine gas.

  31. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage Management • The severity of a Chlorine leak may be mitigated by reducing the pressure of the leaking container. This may be done by absorbing Chlorine gas (not the liquid) in a solution of caustic soda or soda ash or Hydrated lime slurry. Caustic soda is recommended as it absorbs chlorine more readily. If Hydrated lime is used, the slurry must be continuously agitated for chlorine absorption. • Availability of Safety kit for tonner/cylinder at site is also very helpful.

  32. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage Management LEAKAGE FROM CHLORINE CYLINDER VALVE • Valve gland: Leakage around valve stem can generally be stopped by turning the packing nut clockwise about half turn. If once repeated, this does not help, or if the leak is of really serious nature, the container should be removed outside. It is desirable that the chlorine leaves the cylinder in gaseous rather than liquid form, since the natural chilling by evaporation will soon substantially reduce the escape of chlorine. Therefore cylinders should be stood up right and the tonne container be scrolled that the valves are in a vertical plane with the leaking valve upward. • . • Valve seat : Fix valve cap. If this is not possible due to • excessive pressure then apply valve clamp. • .Valve inlet threads : Use Valve cover and tie rod assembly from • tonner safety kit. • .Valve seat : Use chain and yoke assembly from tonner • safety kit.

  33. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • Chlorine Leakage Management

  34. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • First Aid Contact with liquid chlorine or with a strong concentration of gaseous chlorine can cause injury to eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Liquid chlorine causes severe irritation and blistering of the skin. Clothing contaminated with liquid chlorine continues to give off chlorine gas and irritate the body until all the liquid has evaporated. Therefore, contaminated clothing should be removed immediately and the exposed parts of the body washed with a large amount of water. Inhalation of gaseous Chlorine can cause respiratory injury ranging from irritation to death.

  35. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • First Aid Treatment: In all cases, Immediately remove the patient from the contaminated area, immediately begin appropriate treatment. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious patient. Inhalation: If the patient is breathing, place him in comfortable position, keep him warm and at rest until a physician arrives. It breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if equipment and trained personnel are available. Automatic artificial respiration is considered preferable to manual, but only when administered by an experienced operator.

  36. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • First Aid Eyes: If even small quantities of Chlorine have entered in the eyes, flush eyes immediately with copious amounts of lukewarm running water for atleast 15 minutes. Hold the eyelids apart forcibly to insure complete irritation of all eye and lid tissues. Never attempt chemical neutralization. Do not give any medication except under specific intimation from a physician. Skin: Get patient under a shower immediately remove clothes while the shower is running wash the skin with large quantities of soap and water. Do not attempt to neutralize Chlorine with chemicals. Do not apply salves or ointment except as directed by a physician.

  37. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • First Aid Throat Irritation: Drinking milk may help relieve the discomforts of throat irritation from Chlorine exposure. Coughing: A mild stimulant such a hot coffee or hot tea is often used for relief.

  38. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited • First Aid

  39. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited TIPS FOR TRUCK DRIVERS • Do not park the vehicle in the sun. • Avoid driving the vehicle through thickly populated areas. • Chlorine tonners transported in vehicle shall be blocked or braced and be so secured to prevent movement, striking each other or falling down. • Do not carry any other article of highly flammable or corrosive nature with Chlorine Tonners. • In case of any emergency, inform the Police/Fire Brigade/Chlorine supplier. • If the emergency cannot be tackled then drive the vehicle to an isolated open place so that damage to life and property will be minimum.

  40. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited TIPS FOR PUBLIC • Do not panic. Chlorine does not burn or explodes. • Avoid deep breathing when Chlorine is present in the atmosphere. • Go indoors and close the doors and windows of the house and switch off the ventilation system. • Move to the upper floor if in a multi storey building. • Cover the face with a wet towel for additional protection.

  41. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited TIPS FOR CHLORINE CONSUMERS • Use tonners on “first come first used” basis. • Do not heat the Chlorine Containers. This may lead to serious accidents and even rupture of containers. • Use tonner key for operating the tonner valves. • Never use plastic tubing for Chlorine service. Use copper tubing with stand fittings. • Install a BAROMETRIC LEG in the system. • Keep a solution of Caustic Soda/Soda Ash/Hydrated Lime Slurry in a tank ready for neutralization of Chlorine in emergency, • Keep a tonner/cylinder safety kit always handy. • Pressure in a Chlorine Container is not a measure of quantity in the container. At a given temperature, the pressure in a container will be the same whether the quantity is 1 Kg. Or 900 Kgs. • Send your operators for training at your supplier’s works.

  42. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited TIPS FOR CHLORINE CONSUMERS • A suitable tank to hold the solution should be provided in a convenient location. • Chlorine should be passed into the solution through a suitable piping with a perforated distributer at the end and appropritely weighted to hold it submerged under the surface. • The container should not be immersed in the tank.

  43. Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited EDUCATE ON CHLORINE SAFETY

  44. Thank You

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