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Ch. 8: Sensation & Perception

Ch. 8: Sensation & Perception. Sensation & Perception. Sensation – physical process of getting info from senses Perception – brain’s process of interpreting sensations -affected by: illness, stress, personality, experiences , cognition. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF

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Ch. 8: Sensation & Perception

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  1. Ch. 8: Sensation & Perception

  2. Sensation & Perception Sensation – physical process of getting info from senses Perception – brain’s process of interpreting sensations -affected by: illness, stress, personality, experiences, cognition

  3. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS

  4. Psychological (Cognitive) Effects on Perception Absolute threshold (p. 210) -abs. limit of what we can sense Difference Threshold -ability to sense minute changes

  5. Sensory Adaptation -more aware of weak stimuli than unchanging stimuli (ex: movement in trees even in a slight breeze) -used for protection; allows us to react Signal Detection -ability to concentrate on necessary stimuli -susceptible to Stroop Effect (p. 213)

  6. The Senses: Vision Here is how we see: Pupil Allows lightLens Focus Retina Stores image Photoreceptors Neurons in retina Optic Nerve Sends info Occiptial Lobe Interprets

  7. Vision Terms Blind spot – optic nerve leaves eye Neurons - Rods - black & white • Cones – color Light - Electromagnetic spectrum – wavelengths allow color After image – complimentary colors

  8. Color Blindness – cones don’t fire Retinal Disparity – eyes perceive different depths -monocular cues -binocular cues Binocular Fusion – blending into one image

  9. The Senses: Hearing How we hear: airwaves vibrate from one part to the next Ear Drum Hammer Anvil Stirrup Cochlea – inner ear Auditory Nerve Temporal Lobe Middle Ear

  10. Hearing Pitch – high/low -# (frequency) of waves -more waves = higher pitch Volume – loud/soft -height of waves -higher waves = louder sound

  11. Deafness Conductive -damage to middle ear (amplifier) -hearing impaired Sensorineural -neurons in cochlea damaged -common, gradual hearing loss

  12. Other Senses: Chemical SensesSmell & Taste Smell -food gives off gases olfactory nerve pariental lobe Taste -bitter, salty, sweet, sour -other tastes from smell

  13. Other Senses: Skin Senses Pressure -receptors at base of hair Temperature -receptors in skin Pain -receptors in skin (prostoglandins) prostoglandins -gate theory: only one skin sense processed at a time

  14. Other Senses: Body Senses Vestibular Sense -in ears -upright, falling Kinethesis -body position

  15. Perception

  16. Perception -a learned response -subliminal perception – beyond threshold Basic Principles 1) Gestalt -whole experience -includes: (p. 224) proximity similarity closure continuity simplicity

  17. 2. Figure Ground -need background 3. Interference -illusions -depth perception -monocular cues -binocular cues Assignment: Find computer examples of the Gestalt illusions & figure ground. Copy, paste and label each illusion.

  18. Assignments • Computer Illusions • Ch. 8 Test

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