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Transforming America: Pre and Post Civil War Reform Movements

Explore the pivotal social reforms and movements in America before and after the Civil War, including temperance, prison reform, educational advancements, women's rights, abolitionism, and the rise of labor unions. Discover the key figures, milestones, and impact of these movements on shaping American society.

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Transforming America: Pre and Post Civil War Reform Movements

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  1. Social Studies Survey Reform Movements before and after the Civil war

  2. Social Reforms Temperance and Prison Reforms

  3. Temperance Movement • Temperance- moderation in the consumption of alcohol • Been active since the late 1700’s advocating evils of alcohol • 1833- group formed the American Temperance Movement • 1851- Maine passed the first state prohibition law

  4. Prison Reform • One of society’s strongest needs, as many prisoners of various types were housed together • Began to change around 1816 when states enacted laws to replace old facilities • Focused on rehabilitation instead of being merely locked up • Early champion and national figure was Louis Dwight

  5. Educational/Suffrage Reforms Public Education and Women’s Rights

  6. Public Education • Democracy demands an informed and educated electorate • Began to push states to fund schools in early 1800’s • Early leader and advocate was Horace Mann in the mid 1800’s • 1850’s- tax-supported elementary schools had gained popularity • North was more willing to reform quickly; South lagged drastically behind (by 1860, only 1/3 of Southern white children were enrolled in public school )

  7. Women’s Rights (Education and Suffrage) • Schooling usually was meant for only males during the early 1800’s • 1814- Emma Willard found girl’s boarding school • 1837- first higher education institute • 1848- Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Seneca Falls Declaration that proposed that men and women created equal; women should get the right to vote)

  8. Abolitionist Movement Anti-slavery movement

  9. Anti-Slavery Movement • Abolition- immediate end to slavery • Emancipation- freeing of enslaved people • Most divisive and polarizing because it directly pitted North against South • Began in religious groups such as Quakers and Baptists • 1830’s- gained momentum because of William Lloyd Garrison • 1833- American Antislavery Society established by Garrison • Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, free African Americans, as well as Women’s Right groups also fought for abolition • 1854- anti-slavery activists found the Republican Party (with first President being Abraham Lincoln

  10. Labor Movement Labor Unions

  11. Labor Unions • Labor Unions- groups of workers who press for better working conditions and member benefits • 1820’s-1830’s have around 300,000 people • Local and focused on single trade, but will expand as factories and industries expand • 1827- labor union created for craft within a city for first time (Mechanics’ Union of Trade Association in Philadelphia) • 1830’s- workingmen’s parties helped to spur reform for equal rights • 1840- Martin Van Buren reduces federal employees workday • 1842- Commonwealth vs. Hunt makes strikes within workplace legal • 1852- first nationwide labor union created (International Typographic Union)

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