Experience from the implementation of three TCPs on genetic improvement

1. Experience from the implementation of three TCPs on genetic improvement Hans Gerhard Wagner Senior Animal Production and Health Officer

2. There is no sustained dairy development possible without supporting genetic improvement programmes Why again genetic improvement after so many failures?????

3. Increasing demand of products of animal origin; Demand met by increased number of animals and not so much by increased productivity; Better use of finite of resources land and fodder; AI service with no bulls of genetic quality. Reduce greenhouse gas emission per unit of ouput; Increased profitability for the farmer Why genetic improvement programmes

4. Mongolia – TCP/MON/3104 Modernizing and upgrading the national animal breeding programme Myanmar - TCP/MYN/3201 Dairy cattle improvement Nepal – TCP/NEP/ 3105 Dairy cattle improvement Sri Lanka – under approval Dairy cattle and buffalo improvement Genetic improvement programmes in APHCA countries

5. Proper choice of breeds Genetic improvement within breeds Bulls for the AI service Monitor genetic progress Provide quality data for policy maker and extension service Assist farmer in their selection and management What is the purpose of the PPRS

6. Establishment of a Pedigree and Performance Recording Scheme (PPRS) Milk analysis Central data base Genetic analysis for bull dam selection Strengthening of AI scheme Update of national breeding programme Main Components of the TCPs

7. The scheme is combining Importation of genetic progress Selection withing the breeds in recorded pop. Quick transfer of progress from recorded to non recorded pop. by AI Monitoring the results in order to find out quickly whether the imported genetic progress is fully showing up (importance of PPRS)

8. Breeding programme schematic first two years Total population Total population AI top imported semen Top go AI Center Top go AI Center 50 Bulls for Natural service AI imported semen Recorded Population 2500 Non recorded population

10. Milk yield in kg Please note absolute figures do not take into consideration breed, feeding and management

11. Valuable solids

12. Field recording Milk analysis Data management AI service Costs Experiences during implementation

13. Selection of recorders Remuneration of recorders Completeness and regularity of the data No Matings/AI = no paternity of the calf and no link to possible progenity testing No birth record no begin of lactation no progeny testing possible! Jumping recording may make a lactation not analyzable Sample transport to the milk analyis Data transfer to the data management centre Report back to farmers Field recording

14. Central oder decentralized Payment Quality of the samples Servicing/calibrating the lactoscans Milk analysis

15. Who does the data entry? Timely data entry Preprinting of the lists Feed back to farmers Error check and corrections Genetic analysis Data managment

16. Key to success !!!! Organization of the field service Training of farmers and technicians Lack of liquid nitrogen NO AI NO JUSTIFICATION for GENETIC IMPROVEMENT Costs AI service

17. Cost of recording without staff costs at the Data Management Centre *Based on actual figures For example German Euro 20 - 30 per cow /year. 75% personnel costs

21. What can be considered private good and expected to be paid by the farmers What incentives can be provided to the farmers Reduced AI cost Premium for raising females Good prices for bulls and heifers with pedigree What can be considered public good to be supported by the Government Important role of the AI service Public and private good

22. Projects now well on the way end in December 2009 Extension up to July 2010 – 2 full lactations Major worry Will countries have the political commitment and make the financial resources to continue after projects end. Conclusion