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How to create embedded citations and a bibliography using MLA format. Why is it important to cite your work?. Even if it’s unintentional, plagiarism can still have serious consequences at Clarkson…. And elsewhere….
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How to create embedded citations and a bibliography using MLA format
Why is it important to cite your work? Even if it’s unintentional, plagiarism can still have serious consequences at Clarkson…
The Modern Language Association (MLA) is a scholarly organization that focuses on studying & teaching language & literature MLA Style is the style required by many high school teachers and many college professors of the liberal arts & humanities (e.g. literature, history, philosophy, etc.) MLA style provides a standard for citing the sources you use in your paper. What is MLA?
2 Types of citations • A list of citations that appears at the END OF the paper - called a WORKS CITED page. The citations listed are only those referred to in the paper, not everything that was reviewed. • EMBEDDED or in-text citations – a brief acknowledgement WITHIN the paper whenever another’s words, facts or ideas have been used.
Sample Works Cited page: New page Title is “Works Cited“ and is centred at the top Alphabetical order by first item in the list Hanging indent used so second & subsequent lines are pushed in Double spaced Entry for every resource used Very specific rules for each resource Works Cited Page: The Basics
Making the Works Cited list • Identify the type of source: Is it a book? A journal article? A webpage? • Use a resource (e.g. Bibme.com) to create a citation for you. • Find a sample citing of this type of source using an MLA Guide (e.g. Source it!) to compare the citation with. • Make sure that the entries are listed in alphabetical order and subsequent lines are indented (refer to previous slide: “References page: The Basics”).
Works Cited Page: Books Basic Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Example:
Works Cited Page: Books • The first few pages of a book will provide all the information you will need to write a citation • If there are two or more authors, list them in the order they appear on the title page. • Use a comma between authors' names. Place a period after the last name. • Do not list an editor as an author. If your book has an editor, just list the name & follow with a comma and "ed." • The title page may list several cities in the publication information. If you run into this, use the first city listed.
Works Cited Page: Internet Article Web Source Format: Editor or author name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution / organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access. Example:
Works Cited Page: Scholarly Journals / Periodicals Basic Format: Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article.”Title of Journal Series name. Volume number. Issue number (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication. Example:
Embedded Citations Every time you use someone else’s ideas in your paper you need to identify where the information came from using embedded citations. WHY DO I HAVE TO DO THIS IF I AM ALREADY PROVIDING A LIST OF REFERENCES??? The purpose of embedded citations is to help readers locate the cited source in the References section of the paper.
Parenthetical Documentation THE RULES: • Identify the AUTHOR of the source either in the text or parentheses. • if there is more than one author with the same last name then use the first initial to distinguish between them) • If you use two works by the same author, include the author’s last name, and a portion of the title to identify the source & the page number(s) • If there is no author, use the title of the work. If it is a long title use an abbreviated form, just be sure that you use the first word of the title as it appears in the Works Cited (bibliography) • Indicate the PAGE NUMBER the information is from. • If there are no pages or you are citing the whole source then just use the author or title of the source’s entry in the works cited list • For non-print (TV, video, radio, film) use the name or title that begins the entry in the Works Cited list. • The signal word in the embedded citation should correspond with the entry on the Works Cited page
Print Source with Author In-text Example: Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). OR Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.
Sources from the Internet In-text Example: One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life”). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Garcia, Elizabeth. "Herzog: a Life." Online Film Critics Corner. The Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.
With Unknown Author In-text Example: We see so many global warming hotspots in NorthAmerica likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: “The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.
Short Quotations • Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ that's all I remember" (11-12). • According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Adding/Omitting Words • Embedded Citation - Example for Adding Words: Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78). • Embedded Citation - Example for Omitting Words: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
Where to go for more help… • Source it! • bibme.org • easybib.com • Your teacher-librarians
THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR RESEARCH!!! …brought to you by your friendly and helpful teacher-librarians