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Understanding Oral Conditions in Infants and Children

Learn about common oral conditions affecting infants and children, their causes, clinical appearance, and appropriate treatments. Recognize conditions requiring dental attention.

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Understanding Oral Conditions in Infants and Children

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  1. Section 3Oral Conditions Affecting Infants and Children

  2. Objectives • Define and describe the clinical appearance of common oral conditions of infants and children. • Recognize the causes and clinical features of these conditions. • Use the diagnostic process to distinguish similar-appearing oral anomalies of infants and children. • Describe the consequences of disease progression with respect to these conditions.

  3. Objectives (cont.) • Be knowledgeable of appropriate treatments for common oral conditions of infants and children. • Identify conditions discussed in this section that require the attention of the dentist and/or affect the delivery of dental care.

  4. Oral Conditions Affecting Infants and Children • Commissural lip pits • Paramedian lip pits • Cleft lip • Cleft palate • Bifid uvula • Congenital epulis • Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy • Dental lamina cysts • Natal teeth • Eruption cyst • Lymphangioma • Thrush • Parulis

  5. 1. Commissural Lip Pits • Dimplelike invaginations • Corner of the lips • Unilateral or bilateral • Failure of fusion of the embryonic maxillary and mandibular processes

  6. 2. Paramedian Lip Pits • Congenital depressions that occur in the mandibular lip • Develop when lateral sulci of the embryonic mandibular arch fail to regress during the 6th week in utero

  7. 3. Cleft Lip • Results when the medial nasal process fails to fuse with lateral portions of the maxillary process of the first branchial (pharyngeal) arch • Upper lip is most commonly affected

  8. 4. Cleft Palate • The palate develops from the primary and secondary palate • Palatal fusion is initiated during the 8th week in utero • Generally completed by the 12th week of gestation

  9. 5. Bifid Uvula • Minor cleft of the posterior soft palate • Asian and Native American • A submucosal palatal cleft may occur with bifid uvula

  10. 5. Bifid Uvula (cont.) • Develops when the muscles of the soft palate are clefted, but the surface mucosa is intact • Clefted region is notched • Incomplete cleft • Complete cleft

  11. 6. Congenital Epulis • Benign, soft tissue growth arising exclusively in newborns from the edentulous alveolar ridge or palate • Most commonly in the anterior maxilla

  12. 7. Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy • Rare benign tumor of neural crest cell origin • Rapidly growing mass in the anterior maxilla during the first year of life

  13. 8. Dental Lamina Cysts • Remnants of the dental lamina that do not develop into a tooth bud • May degenerate to form dental lamina (inclusion) cysts • Tiny keratin-filled cysts

  14. 9. Natal Teeth • Teeth that are present at birth or erupt within 30 days of birth • Cornified and calcific material • Represent premature eruption of the primary teeth

  15. 10. Eruption Cyst • AKA: Gingival Eruption Cyst, Eruption Hematoma • Variant of the dentigerous cyst • Lined by odontogenic epithelium

  16. 11. Lymphangioma • Benign malformation oflymphatic vessels • Tongue, alveolar ridge, and labial mucosa

  17. 12. Thrush • AKA: Candidiasis, moniliasis • Fungal • Milky white curds • Easily wiped off • Tx: antifungal agents

  18. 13. Parulis (Gum Boil) • Inflammatory response to a chronic bacterial infection of a nonvital tooth • Pulpal infection spreads beyond the furcation of a posterior tooth • Drains through sinus tract

  19. Lip Pits • Congenital depressions or dimplelike invaginations • Inherited pattern often • Commissural lip pits (corner of the lips) • Failure to fuse • Paramedian lip pits (mandibular lip) • Either side of the midline • If with cleft lip or palate + hypodontia = van der Woude syndrome • Treatment is not required unless for cosmetic reasons

  20. Review • Define and describe the clinical appearance of common oral conditions of infants and children. • Recognize the causes and clinical features of these conditions. • Use the diagnostic process to distinguish similar-appearing oral anomalies of infants and children. • Describe the consequences of disease progression with respect to these conditions.

  21. Review (cont.) • Be knowledgeable of appropriate treatments for common oral conditions of infants and children. • Identify conditions discussed in this section that require the attention of the dentist and/or affect the delivery of dental care.

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