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Prevensi Kanker secara Komperhensif

Learn about primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies for cancer, including risk factors, environmental influences, and disease-specific factors. Discover how to promote health to reduce cancer risk.

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Prevensi Kanker secara Komperhensif

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  1. PrevensiKankersecaraKomperhensif Fatwa ST. Dewi Public Health Dept. Faculty of Medicine, GMU

  2. References • Mackay J., Jemal A., Lee N.C., Parkin, D.M., 2006, The Cancer Atlas, Atlanta, Georgia, USA • CDC, 2007, Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, Facts and Figures

  3. Type of Prevention Primary prevention Disease or injury Impairment Secondary prevention Disability Tertiary prevention Dependency

  4. PrevensiKanker • Sesi I: • Primary prevention: sebelumterkenakanker promotifdanprotektif • Sesi II: • Secondary prevention: setelahterkenakanker, untukmeminimalisasiketerbatasan, kecacatan kuratif • Tertiary prevention: setelahmendapatkankecacatanuntukminimalisasiketergantungan  rehabilitatif

  5. PrevensiKanker • Prevensikankeradalahtindakanantisipatifuntuk: • Menghilangkanataumeminimalisasipaparanpenyebabkanker • Mengurangikerentananterkenakanker

  6. Prevensi Primer = PromosiKesehatan • PromosiKesehatan: Enabling people to control their own health  manipulate unhealthy lifestyle become healthy • Kankerdikaitkandenganperilakutidaksehatsebagaipenyebabnya • Faktorrisiko: meningkatkanresikoterserangpenyakit • Faktorproteksi: Menurunkanresikoterserangpenyakit

  7. Faktor-faktorRisikoKanker • Keturunan: retinoblastoma, kankerpayudara • Faktorlingkungan: • Kimiawi: • Tar (rokok) Kankerparu • Radiasiiodinasi leukemia • Alkohol kankermulur • Fisika: papara UV  kankerkulit • Biologis: Hepatitis B  hepatoma

  8. Major Risk Factors of Cancer • Smoking: Lung cancer, oral cavity, larynx, oesophagus, stomach • Overweight and obesity: Oral, oesophagus, gastric, colorectal high fiber diet and physical acitivity • Occupational and environmental exposure: Lung Ca (asbestos), Bladder (aniline dyes), leukaemia (benzene) • Infection and infestation: Liver (Hepatitis B and C), Cervix (HPV), stomach (Helicobacter pilory), Bladder (schistosomiasis) • UV radiation: Skin cancer

  9. NCD and its risk factors (Dans et al., 2011) Controlling NCD: From disease specific to major shared risk factors D. Environmental Factors C. Behavioral Factors B. Biological Factors A. Diseases • Globalization • Urbanization • Poverty • Low education • Stress • Unhealthy diet • Physical inactivity • Smoking • Alcoholic drinking • Hipertension • High blood glucose • High cholesterol • Obesity • Heart disease • Stroke • Diabetes • Cancer • COPD

  10. Secondary prevention: risk assessment Taken from: Labarthe, 2011

  11. Facts on Cancer Prevention • One third of Ca are preventable: • Smoking: responsible for 80-90% Lung Ca and 30% of all Ca death in developing countries: oral cavity, larynx, oesophagus, stomach • Diet: obesity related with Caoesophagus, colorectum, breast, endometrium, kidney • High fiber diet, physical activity and normal body weight  protective factors of Ca • Physical exercise- gastric and colon cancer • Healthy lifestyle for other type of cancer

  12. Primary Prevention:Cancer Health Promotion • Determinants + unknown factors  Cancer • There is a dose response relationships between : exposure of agent and Cancer • Exposure  not totally avoid Cancer • Eliminate the carcinogen will be the best: • Remove carcinogen • Replacement carcinogen • Impeding contact with carcinogen • Vaccination (Hepatitis B)

  13. Primary Prevention:Cancer Health Promotion General habit to avoid cancer: • Do not smoke • High fiber intake (fresh fruit, vegetables and cereals) • Limit the fat intake • Avoid becoming overweight • Moderate the consumption of alcoholic drinks • Avoid excessive exposure to the sun • Using health working protection  substances that may cause cancer

  14. How to do primary prevention of cancer • Identify readiness to change behavior among target • Decide level of behavior changing and needed strategies

  15. Table 2. Stages of readiness to change and action that appropriate

  16. Level of Target Behavior Change and Health Promotion Objectives

  17. Prevention is much better than treatment

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