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Monohybrid Crosses: Understanding Inheritance Patterns in Genetics

Explore the principles of monohybrid crosses, tracking the inheritance of a single trait between organisms. Discover Mendel's rules of inheritance, Punnett Squares, genotypic ratios, and phenotypic patterns. Learn how DNA is passed on, predict genetic behaviors, and solve genetics problems using Punnett Squares.

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Monohybrid Crosses: Understanding Inheritance Patterns in Genetics

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  1. Monohybrid Crosses Joohee Kim IB Biology Sec. III

  2. Definition • Tracking inheritance pattern of a single trait between 2 individual organisms

  3. Mendel • Discovered basic rules of inheritance • Analyzed offspring of pea mating

  4. Punnett Square • Tt x Tt = genotype • Tt x Tt = gametes Male gametes T t T t Female gametes • Mandelian ratios: Genotypic- 1TT:2Tt:1tt • Phenotypic- 3 dominant: 1 recessive

  5. Patterns of Inheritance • DNA is passed on to the next generation • In sexual species, the DNA will be a mix of both parents. • There are ways to predict how this new DNA will behave and be expressed • - Genotype and Phenotype

  6. Transmission Genetics • Gregor Mendel in the 1860s • Botanical Crosses • Monohybrid Crosses • Mendel’s Principles of Inheritance

  7. Solving a Genetics Problem • Trait - dominant = A (AA or Aa) • Trait – recessive = a (aa) • _____ x _____ • Punnett Square • Answer questions based on results from Punnet Square ___ ___ ___ ___

  8. Monohybrid Crosses • Cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits • Solve using Punnett Square • Sample problems: • - Rr x rr • - RR x rr • - Rr x Rr • - Rr x RR

  9. Problem • Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l) in mice. What is the genotype and phenotype ratio of a heterozygous short-haired mouse crossed with a long-haired mouse?

  10. Solution • Short hair = dominant = L (LL or Ll) • Long hair = recessive l • Ll x II (heterozygote parent = Ll) • Punnett Square: • Genotype ratio: ½ Ll: ½ ll • Phenotype ratio: ½ short hair: ½ long hair

  11. Link for Video • http://www.zerobio.com/videos/monohybrid.html

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