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CH. 2

CH. 2. SPANISH CALIFORNIA. “CALIFORNIA”. Spanish lit. Estevanico. Coronado. De Soto. 16 TH CENT. West . CABRILLO. 1542 San Miguel First Lit. interest . DRAKE. English, 1579 Negative Too cold Natives Religious rituals “ghosts” Exchange . Vizcaíno. 1602 Renamed. 160 yrs.+

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CH. 2

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  1. CH. 2 SPANISH CALIFORNIA

  2. “CALIFORNIA” • Spanish lit.

  3. Estevanico

  4. Coronado

  5. De Soto

  6. 16TH CENT • West

  7. CABRILLO • 1542 • San Miguel • First • Lit. interest

  8. DRAKE • English, 1579 • Negative • Too cold • Natives • Religious rituals • “ghosts” • Exchange

  9. Vizcaíno • 1602 • Renamed

  10. 160 yrs.+ • Spain: no more • Isolation • Low status

  11. SPANISH AMERICA • Economics- produce wealth • Convert natives • Centralized control: no-democracy • Difficult settle northern areas

  12. SPAIN • Politics+religion • Diff. perspectives

  13. José de Gálvez • King’s deputy (1765) • Russian threat • Colonize Alta CA • Unstable ? • Assisted U.S.?

  14. FRANCISCANS • Fr. JuníperoSerra • Discipline, sacrifice • Convert natives, acculturate them into settlers. • ?: missions

  15. Portolá

  16. “SACRED EXPEDITION” • First settlement • San Diego: July 16, 1769 • 21 missions

  17. PRESIDIO • Defense

  18. PUEBLO • Agricultural town • ?: food presidios • 3

  19. Felipe de Neve, 1781 • El pueblo de nuestra senora la reina de los angeles de rio de porciuncula • “our lady of the queen of angels” • “Los Angeles” • “Angeles” = city of angels?

  20. Alta CA: desolate • Early settlers: convicts • ?: Settlers urban, not rural • ignorance of area • CA Indians

  21. RACIAL HIERARCY • “rationals” • “irrationals”

  22. MISSIONS • Natives: happy, mission life preferred • Questionable

  23. Convert, save natives

  24. LIFE • Education • Punishment • Women • Assault

  25. RESISTANCE • Many resisted • Passive • violence

  26. MISSION? • Mission period: 75% decline • ??? • Agriculture • Indio labor

  27. PEOPLE • Majority: mixed • Half families L.A.: part African

  28. SOCIETY • Patriarchal • Scarce: Spanish women • Mixing • Rape, assault

  29. Family: core

  30. ALTA CA • Little devel. • 3000 non-Natives (1821) • Private rancho??

  31. POLITICS • Governor • Military • Towns • Local, self-gvt.

  32. ISOLATION • CA: fringe • Ex-soldiers, criminals

  33. Explore interior? • Mission Soledad (30 miles in) • Little inland

  34. FOREIGNERS • French • English • Observations?

  35. RUSSIANS • Nikolai Rezanov • S.F., 1806 • Concepcion Arguello, 15

  36. REBELLION • 1810-1821

  37. CAUSE? • Peninsulars vs. criolles • Indigenous oppression • Spanish legitimacy?

  38. Philosophy? Enlightenment • Other rebellions • Taxation

  39. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • Criollo • Rebellious Priest • Children • “outcry against tyranny”

  40. Uprising: Sept 16, 1810 • Hidalgo: “Grito de Dolores” • Revolt commences!

  41. Republic of mexico (1821)

  42. CA • Oblivious rebellion • Backwater outpost

  43. Garrisons, military loyal Spain

  44. CA: 1810-1821 • Little comforts • - supplies from N. Spain • Presidios/pueblos vs. Missions

  45. SIGNIFICANCE? • Spanish culture into 19th • ….and today • Cities, architecture • Language

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