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Change & Crisis

Change & Crisis. Cusp of the Renaissance 1000s-1400s. Main Points. Feudalism declines Democratic tradition evolves in England and France Europe is torn apart by plague, war, and religious strife. Feudalism Declines. Growing Food Supply Guilds Commercial Revolution Urban Life

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Change & Crisis

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  1. Change & Crisis Cusp of the Renaissance 1000s-1400s

  2. Main Points • Feudalism declines • Democratic tradition evolves in England and France • Europe is torn apart by plague, war, and religious strife

  3. Feudalism Declines • Growing Food Supply • Guilds • Commercial Revolution • Urban Life • Revival of Learning

  4. Feudalism Declines: Growing Food Supply • Horsepower • Three-Field System

  5. Feudalism Declines: Guilds • Merchant guilds • Control # of goods being traded • Set prices • Craft guilds • Apprentice, Journeyman, Master • Set standards for quality of work, wages, working conditions • Economically/socially/politically influential

  6. Feudalism Declines: Commercial Revolution • Expansion of trade and business • Fair Days • Banking

  7. Feudalism Declines: Urban Life • 1000-1150 – population increases from 30,000,000 to 42,000,000 • Merchant Class/Burghers

  8. Feudalism Declines: Revival of Learning • Muslim connection • Universities • Thomas Aquinas & the Scholastics

  9. England: Back Story • Many Anglo-Saxon kingdoms/feudal states until 800s • Growth of towns & villages leads to more centralized government

  10. England: Early Invasions • 800s: Danish Vikings • 870s: Alfred the Great establishes England • 1016: Danish Vikings return • 1042: Edward takes the throne, but dies without heir

  11. 1066 – Norman Conquest (William the Conqueror)

  12. England: Government • Goals • hold & acquire French land • Strengthen power over nobles and the Church • Henry II (r. 1154-1189) & Eleanor of Aquitaine Henry II depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902)

  13. England: Government • Juries – King Henry II • Common Law – King Henry II • Magna Carta (1215) – King John • No taxation without representation • Trial by a jury of peers • Protection of the law • Parliament (1295) – King Edward I

  14. France: Back Story • Post-Charlemagne: French counts and dukes rule lands as feudal lords • 987: last Carolingian, Louis the Sluggard, died • Hugh Capet established Capetian Dynasty • 987-1328

  15. France: Philip II (r. 1180-1223) • Goal: weaken power of English kings • Seized Normandy from King John in 1204 – went on to triple land in his control • Central Government • Royal Bailiffs

  16. France: Louis IX & Philip IV • Centralization • Estates General BUT LET’S NOT GET AHEAD OF OURSELVES…

  17. Disasters: Church Divided (1300s) • Philip IV vs. Pope Boniface VIII • Avignon popes weaken the Church • “A Roman, a Roman, we want a Roman.” • Urban VI vs. Clement VII – The Great Schism • 1414: Great Schism ends with election of Martin V • Church permanently weakened

  18. Disasters: Hundred Years’ War • Last Capetian king dies without an heir • Edward III (king of England) claims French throne as grandson of Philip IV • French put forth Philip VI as King • War 1337-1453 • Real Cause: Chivalry

  19. Disasters: Hundred Years’ War • Early English victories – better organized, better army, industrialized • French make a comeback and win • Joan of Arc

  20. Disasters: Hundred Years’ War • Impact: • Nationalism • Monarch’s power increases • Internal turmoil for England • End of the Middle Ages ???

  21. Next up…. RENAISSANCE

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