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Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem

Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem. 3-2 & 3-3. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!. ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY. _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT. http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food.

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Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem

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  1. Energy Transfer in an Ecosystem 3-2 & 3-3

  2. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

  3. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERSCan make their own food ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae PHOTOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  4. absence of light chemical bonds Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________ They use energy stored in ________________ of ______________________to produce carbohydrates = ___________________ Ex: Bacteria that live in HOSTILE places Like volcano vents, hot springs, marshes INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  5. CONSUMERS HETEROTROPHS = ____________Get energy from consuming other organisms http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  6. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS HERBIVORES ________________ = eat only plants ________________ = eat only animals ________________ = eat both plants & animals CARNIVORES OMNIVORES http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpg http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg

  7. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS DETRITIVORES ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs ________________ = break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi DECOMPOSERS http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpg http://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm

  8. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs) ________________ _________________ = _________________ ↑ ↑ PRODUCERS(Autotrophs) FOOD CHAIN http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg

  9. Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together. FOOD WEB

  10. TROPHIC LEVEL Each step in a food chain or web = _______________ ______________ ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. PRODUCERS FIRST http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

  11. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. 10% http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

  12. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development, movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ HEAT http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

  13. http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed. Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

  14. 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms OXYGEN CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

  15. WATER CYCLE= ___________________ HYDROLOGIC CYCLE http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

  16. WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

  17. http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ TRANSPIRATION The return of water tothe surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ PRECIPITATION

  18. Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

  19. CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  20. 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE • In ____________ as CO2 gas • In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas • On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil • __________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks atmosphere ocean land Underground CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  21. Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from? CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean Volcanic activity • ________________ • ______________ • _________________ • ____________ of dead organisms Human activity (burning fossil fuels) Cellular respiration Decomposition BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  22. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? BUILDING BLOCKS Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  23. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  24. NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3-3 N2 in Atmosphere NO3- and NO2- NH3 BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  25. 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N2) BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ _______________ ____________________ CAN’T lightning Volcanic activity few special bacteria Image by Riedell Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  26. Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with plants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED_________________ in the soil symbiotic legumes AMMONIA (NH3) NITROGEN FIXATION http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif

  27. WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? NITROGEN BASES __________________make DNA and RNA ATP Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______ Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) amino acids Image by Riedell Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  28. Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the ______________ atmosphere BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

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