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Lead Fluxes. Andreas Held, Caroline Leck, Ian Brooks, Barbara Brooks, Sarah Norris. Simplified Arctic Aerosol Life Cycle. cloud albedo. scattering & absorption. CCN. TRANSFORMATION. WET DEPOSITION. TRANSPORT. DRY DEPOSITION. SOURCES. surface albedo.
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Lead Fluxes Andreas Held, Caroline Leck, Ian Brooks, Barbara Brooks, Sarah Norris
Simplified Arctic Aerosol Life Cycle cloud albedo scattering & absorption CCN TRANSFORMATION WET DEPOSITION TRANSPORT DRY DEPOSITION SOURCES surface albedo open sea sea-ice lead
sonicanemometer LiCOR 7500 CLASP units Open Lead Flux System • Examine the capacity of the open leads to emit particles to the air by eddy covariance measurements: • Gill sonic anemometer • CLASP optical particle counter (0.24 < Dp < 18.5 µm) • CPC 3760A condensation particle counter (Dp > 11 nm) • LICOR 7500 CO2/H2O analyzer • MOXA datalogger fully battery operated (low power consumption) located close to the ice edge ~2 m above the surface, near bubble camera site
wind Footprint Analysis of Open Lead Flux System Neutral Case z/L=0 z0=0.001 m, σv / u* = 2 zm=1, 2, 3 m FSAM (Schmid, 1994) 10 20 50 100 m Photo: H.J. Zwally, NASA Goddard
25 cm Pump Sensing head CLASP Instrument • 16 channels - 0.24 to 18.5 m diameter • Flow rate 3 l/min – high sampling statistics allows 10 Hz temporal resolution • Compact (25 x 8 x 6 cm) – allows collocation with sonic anemometer, short inlet tube and low flow distortion, & installation in balloon instrument package and on buoy
Condensation Particle Counter • Total particle number concentration for Dp > 11 nm • Flow rate 1.5 l/min – good counting statistics • 10 Hz sampling, but actual time response is slower • Provides additional size bin from 10 nm to 240 nm in combination w/ CLASP
Spray Sampler for Filter Collection and Electron Microscopy • Stockholm prototype: • artificial bubble generation below water surface • adjustable bubble diameter to generate film/jet droplets • spray collection w/ filter sampler for off-line analysis • spray collection on EM grid for electron microscopy • free floating on water • height adjustment of bubbler & sampler