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ATN/GNSS Seminar Varadero, Cuba 6 to 9 May 2002

ATN/GNSS Seminar Varadero, Cuba 6 to 9 May 2002. GNSS spectrum and signal vulnerability issues Presentation 5.2 by V. Iatsouk, GNSS Panel Secretary ANB/ICAO. GNSS spectrum allocations. Current allocations New allocations to support system enhancements and expansion

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ATN/GNSS Seminar Varadero, Cuba 6 to 9 May 2002

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  1. ATN/GNSS SeminarVaradero, Cuba6 to 9 May 2002 GNSS spectrum and signal vulnerability issues Presentation 5.2 by V. Iatsouk, GNSS Panel Secretary ANB/ICAO

  2. GNSS spectrum allocations • Current allocations • New allocations to support system enhancements and expansion • Compatibility issues

  3. FREQUENCY BAND 1559 – 1610 MHz (ARNS/RNSS) • GNSS F1 signals (GPS L1, GLONASS L1, GALILEO E1/2) • Total band 1559-1610 MHz is required for current and future GNSS • Sharing with other services will cause unacceptable degradation and restrictions on GNSS elements • Additional allocation to Fixed Service (some States in Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa) continue to exist: • On a primary basis until 2005 (or 2010) • On a secondary basis until 2015

  4. Frequency Band 960 – 1215 MHz (ARNS, RNSS) • RNSS allocation as of WRC-2000 • GNSS F2 frequencies • Sharing with DME on 1164 – 1215 MHz frequencies • Compatibility issues: • DME to be protected • GNSS F2 signals to operate in DME environment • Out-of-band (Radiolocation above 1 215 MHz) interference

  5. Frequency band 1215 – 1300 MHz (Radiolocation, RNSS) • No aeronautical allocation • GPS L2, GLONASS L2, GALILEO E6 • Used by SBAS reference receivers • Compatibility issues • Radiolocation to be protected • No protection for RNSS on a global basis

  6. Frequency band 108 – 117.975 MHz (ARNS) • GBAS VDL Broadcast • Sharing with VOR and ILS • Compatibility issues: • VOR, ILS to be protected • VDL Broadcast: • To operate in VOR, ILS environment • Not to impose additional restrictions in adjacent bands (FM Broadcast below 108 MHz, Aeronautical Mobile above 117.975 MHz)

  7. GNSS vulnerability aspects • GNSS signals’ vulnerability is generally recognized • Issues to be addressed: • Interference cases and resulting threats • Operational impact • Mitigations

  8. Interference cases • Unintentional vs intentional • In-band vs out-of-band • On-board sources • Natural phenomena

  9. Intentional interference • Jamming • Threat is valid • Risks and impacts vary significantly • Most mitigation options are suitable • Spoofing • Extent of threat appears to be low • Airborne collision avoidance, situation awareness and separation assurance capabilities are potential mitigation aids • Other mitigation options are also suitable

  10. Unintentional interference • GNSS F1 signals in 1 559 – 1 610 MHz band • Fixed service (not compatible) • Mobile satellite communications (compatibility standards exist) • GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO signals above 1 215 MHz • RNSS/Radiolocation Service compatibility (studies under way)

  11. Unintentional interference (cont’d) • GNSS GBAS in 108 – 117.975 MHz band • VOR (compatibility criteria available) • ILS (compatibility criteria being developed) • Aeronautical VHF Communications (compatibility criteria being developed) • FM broadcast (compatibility criteria available) • Envisaged VDL Mode 4, if allocated by WRC-2003 (compatibility studies under way)

  12. Unintentional interference (cont’d) • GNSS F2 signals in 1 164 – 1 215 MHz band • Designed to be compatible with ARNS • Compatibility problems in DME high density areas (core Europe, US, Japan) • On-board compatibility • Compatibility standards exist • Addressed through aircraft systems integration

  13. Natural interference sources • Ionospheric effects • Storms • Model anomalities • Scintillations impacts • Other (heavy rainfalls?)

  14. Operational Impacts • Effects of interference to be assessed taking account of: • Traffic density • Navigation infrastructure • Surveillance system

  15. Mitigations • Spectrum management, coordination and interference monitoring • Use of alternative navigation means • Procedural methods • Contingency planning

  16. Work towards WRC - 2003 • Promote cessation of fixed services in the 1559-1610 MHz band as early as possible • Finalize compatibility criteria and assessment methodology for RNSS in the 1164-1215 MHz band • Formalize GBAS operation in 108 – 117.975 MHz band

  17. Conclusions • Global coverage and performance to support all phases of flight are dependent upon resolution of spectrum issues • States to ensure freedom of RF interference when approving GNSS operations • Interference threats to be assessed and mitigation strategy to be developed as a part of GNSS implementation planning

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