Marine Mammals Cetacea Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species

1. Right whale Fig. 12-15 • Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species • Includes largest animal ever on earth • Blue whale – To 33.5 m long, 100+ tons • Baleen plates attached to upper jaws • Made of keratin (same protein as hair, fingernails) • Squeeze water through baleen and lick off retained food (usually organisms) • Primarily feed on zooplankton • Three families: • Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales) • Balaenopteridae (rorquals) • Eschrichtidae (gray whale)

2. Fig. 12-14 Blue

3. Right whale Fig. 12-15 • Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species • Includes largest animal ever on earth • Blue whale – To 33.5 m long, 100+ tons • Baleen plates attached to upper jaws • Made of keratin (same protein as hair, fingernails) • Squeeze water through baleen and lick off retained food (usually organisms) • Primarily feed on zooplankton • Three families: • Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales) • Balaenopteridae (rorquals) • Eschrichtidae (gray whale)

4. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species • Balaenidae – 5 species • Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy Right • No: dorsal fin, throat grooves • Feed continuously while swimming • Long, fine baleen • Balaenopteridae – 9 species • Bryde’s, Blue, Eden’s, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic Minke, Common Minke, Omura’s, Sei • Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill • Ventral grooves expand during “gulp” • Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500 gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp • Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day! • Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves • Eschrichtidae – 1 species • Gray • Feed by scooping sediments & organisms from sea floor • Short coarse baleen, no dorsal fin, 2-5 ventral grooves Humpback Right Blue Gray

5. North Atlantic Right Whale

6. Fig. 12-14 Southern Right

7. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species • Balaenidae – 5 species • Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy Right • No dorsal fin, throat grooves • Feed continuously while swimming • Long, fine baleen, no dorsal fin, no ventral grooves • Balaenopteridae – 9 species • Bryde’s, Blue, Eden’s, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic Minke, Common Minke, Omura’s, Sei • Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill • Ventral grooves expand during “gulp” • Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500 gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp • Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day! • Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves • Eschrichtidae – 1 species • Gray • Feed by scooping sediments & organisms from sea floor • Short coarse baleen, no dorsal fin, 2-5 ventral grooves Humpback Right Blue Gray

8. Fig. 12-14 Humpback

9. Fig. 12-16

11. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) – 15 species • Balaenidae – 5 species • Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy Right • No dorsal fin, throat grooves • Feed continuously while swimming • Long, fine baleen, no dorsal fin, no ventral grooves • Balaenopteridae – 9 species • Bryde’s, Blue, Eden’s, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic Minke, Common Minke, Omura’s, Sei • Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill • Ventral grooves expand during “gulp” • Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500 gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp • Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day! • Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves • Eschrichtidae – 1 species • Gray • Feed by scooping sediments & organisms from sea floor • Short coarse baleen, no dorsal fin, 2-5 ventral grooves Humpback Right Blue Gray

12. Fig. 12-19

14. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) – 74 species • Sperm whales – 3 species • Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy • Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance) that may function in buoyancy and sound generation • Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under water for up to two hours! • Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids • Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach • Toothed whales – 28 species • Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca, Pilot • Most common in cold water • Dolphins & Porpoises – 43 species • Distinctive beak • Travel in pods

15. Fig. 12-20 Ambergris

16. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) – 74 species • Sperm whales – 3 species • Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy • Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance) that may function in buoyancy and sound generation • Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under water for up to two hours! • Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids • Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach • Toothed whales – 28 species • Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca, Pilot • Most common in cold water • Dolphins & Porpoises – 43 species • Distinctive beak • Travel in pods

17. Beluga Beaked Pilot Narwhal False Killer

18. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) – 74 species • Sperm whales – 3 species • Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy • Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance) that may function in buoyancy and sound generation • Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under water for up to two hours! • Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids • Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach • Toothed whales – 28 species • Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca, Pilot • Most common in cold water • Dolphins & Porpoises – 43 species • Distinctive beak • Travel in pods

19. Dall’s Porpoise Bottlenose Dolphin Pacific White-Sided Dolphin Harbor Porpoise Spectacled Porpoise Dusky Dolphin

20. Marine Mammals • Cetacea • Echolocation • Common in dolphins, porpoises, toothed whales • May occur in some baleen whales and pinnipeds • Sounds generally consist of sharp clicks • Low-frequency clicks can travel long distances • Functions • Detect objects (orientation clicks) • Characterize objects (discrimination clicks) • Sonic hunting • Mechanism • Air forced through air sacs and focused through melon • Sperm whales may use spermaceti organ • Sound received through lower jaw

21. Fig. 12-24 Dolphins Dolphins Whales Whales