1 / 31

TAXONOMY QUIZ Show

TAXONOMY QUIZ Show. Taxonomy is the field of biology that deals with the organizing living things into a hierarchy or category that show artificial/ natural and . evolutionary relationships. Systematics or MODERN TAXONOMY. Why Classify?. 20 M unknown species* 2.5 M identified

duard
Download Presentation

TAXONOMY QUIZ Show

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. TAXONOMY QUIZ Show

  2. Taxonomy is the field of biology that deals with the organizing living things into a hierarchy or category that show artificial/ natural and evolutionary relationships. Systematics or MODERN TAXONOMY

  3. Why Classify? • 20 M unknown species* • 2.5 M identified • System of Biological Classification • Important features: • Universally accepted • Placement of organisms into groups has real biological meaning

  4. Taxonomy or Systematics involves three procedures namely classification, identification and nomenclature.

  5. Procedures in Taxonomy and Systematics • Identification • recognize organism based on… • establishment of the organisms traits • Classification • assigning arbitrary categories • based on its biological relatedness • Nomenclature • Practice of naming based on the rules of ICZN and ICBN

  6. Taxonomy vs.Systematics • study of the theory, practice and rules of classification • naming, description and classification • study of the diversity of organisms and their natural relationships • encompasses questions of diversity and disparity

  7. Who is the Father of Taxonomy? Carolus Linnaeus -Invented the sexual system - Published Species Plantarum and SystemaNaturae “ no man has ever transformed science in a way that I have”

  8. How did the naming of organisms STARTED? • 16Th century • start of scientific naming • polynomial LATIN names • Why Latin? • scholarship language • dead language • Problems with Polynomial names • Differs from every scientist • organisms of the same genus (conflict)

  9. What is the universally accepted system of naming organisms? Binomial System of Nomenclature • 2 part name • Genus and Species • Latin • Can be written in italicized or underlined format

  10. Why is the BSN important in TAXONOMY??? Solanumcauleinermiherbaceofoliispinnatisincisis “ Solanum with smooth stem which is herbaceous and has incised pinnate leaves” TOMATO: Lycopersiconesculentum

  11. BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE • system of naming organisms using a two-part Latinized (or scientific) name • also known as the Linnaean system • first part: generic name (genus), second: specific or trivial name (species). • Latin name is usually printed in italics, starting with a capital letter

  12. POLAR BEARDiscovered by Commander C.J. Phipps Scientifc name: Ursusmaritimus PhippsUrsusmaritimusPhipps UrsusMaritimusPhipps Ursusmaritimus Phipps ursusmaritimusPhipps Ursusmaritimus Phipps UrsusmaritimusPhipps

  13. How many CATEGORIES (general categories) are there in the levels of classification of organisms? Seven Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.

  14. LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM • structural similarities • hierarchical • Category- each level of classification • Taxa/ taxon- specific group in each category

  15. LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

  16. How did Linnaeus view species??? UNCHANGING or IMMUTABLE • described all the things that had been put to earth by the creator

  17. Different views on species Linnaean Darwinian • Immutable and unchanging • Viewed that organisms are uniquely made • Doesn’t believe in EVOLUTION • Changing • EVOLVING • Descent with modification • Natural selection

  18. Who defined the BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT: A gorup of similar individuals that can usually interbreed among themselves and produce a fertile offspring. None of the above Steve Irwin Charles Darwin Carl Von Linne Ernst Mayr

  19. CLASSFICATION is BASED on: Biochemical Cytological Embryological Rituals, habit, diet, way of living cells body parts Protein, DNA Early developmental stages Structural Behavioral

  20. TAXONOMY is also BASED on… • Evolutionary lineages/patterns • Homologous vs. analogous structures • Fossil records

  21. Popular Methods of Classification • Evolutionary Systematics • PheneticSystematics • CladisticSystematics

  22. Evolutionary Systematics Ernst Mayr (1904) and George G. Simpson (1961) • reflected relatedness as well as morphological disparity (overall similarity)

  23. PheneticSystematics (1960’s) overall similarity among organism grouped by a mathematical analysis results fail to reflect evolutionary relationships James Rohlf, Robert Sokal, and Peter Sneath delimits variation within and between populations

  24. CladisticSystematics WilliHennig standard method of phylogenetic inference Objectives: determine the evolutionary histories express it in phylogenetic trees After knowing the overall similarities concentrate on only certain characters-those that provide evolutionary information based on the assumption that two new species are formed by splitting from a common ancestor

  25. Which BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES is widely accepted today? 6 Kingdom classification 5 Kingdom classification 4 Kingdom classification 2 Kingdom classification 3 Domain system

  26. 3 DOMAIN SCHEME

  27. 2 KINGDOM SCHEME PLANTAE ANIMALIA

  28. 4 KINGDOM SCHEME ANIMALIA PLANTAE FUNGI MONERA

  29. 5 KINGDOM SCHEME ANIMALIA PLANTAE MONERA PROTISTA FUNGI MONERA

  30. ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA 6 KINGDOM SCHEME ANIMALIA PLANTAE PROTISTA MONERA FUNGI MONERA

More Related