English logic and writing Week 10

1. English logic and writingWeek 10 w/ Jeanne

2. Cause and Effect Paragraphs • Some examples Schedule

3. Shows the correlation between 2+ ideas • Can move from cause to effect or effect to cause • What you start with will determine your topic sentence and structure Cause and effect paragraph

4. The writer’s challenge is to figure out what caused what • Sometimes one event will trigger another and another = causal chain • There was a wreck on the highway because a deer ran across it. But the deer was scared by a hunter. The driver wasn’t paying attention either. • The writer must weigh the importance of each cause. • My town is having a hard time. A factory closed and 300 people lost their jobs, and a bakery closed and 6 people lost their jobs. Cause and Effect Challenges

5. Be careful not to confuse coincidence with cause. • post hoc = A happened before B, so A must have caused B. • “A black cat walked in front of me. That’s why I lost my cell phone.” • Be careful not to oversimplify a complex problem • “Violent crime is increasing because of violent video games.” Fallacy

6. If you were a detective trying to explain why something happened you might ask these questions… • Act: Was the fire deliberately set by someone or was it an accident? • Actors: If the fire was arson, who set it? The owner, an anti-liquor fanatic, a drunk who was denied a purchase • Scene: Was the store near a church? A mental hospital? A fireworks factory? • Agency or means of the act: Was the fire caused by faulty electrical wiring? A carelessly tossed cigarette? A torch? • Purpose: If the fire wasn’t accidental, was it set to collect insurance? To punish drinkers? To get revenge? Burke’s Pentad (5 elements) Let’s say a liquor store burned down

7. The fantastic water clarity of the Mount Gambier sinkholes results from several factors. The holes are fed from aquifers holding rainwater that fell decades – even centuries – ago, and that has been filtered through miles of limestone. The high level of calcium that limestone adds causes the silty detritus from dead plants and animals to cling together and settle quickly to the bottom. Abundant bottom vegetation in the shallow sinkholes also helps bind the silt. And the rapid turnover of the water prohibits stagnation. Topic sentence thesis “water clarity” Rainwater Detritus clings together Vegetation Water Turnover Effect -> Causes -> several causes

8. It started off with my mother calling me in the early morning. She woke me up to tell me again that I need to get a boyfriend. As I was getting dressed for work, I spilled coffee on my favorite blouse and had to wash it quickly before the stain set in. Even worse my car refused to start this morning, forcing me to hail a taxi after 15 minutes. I was about to enter the office when all the sudden an old lady pushed me into a trash can as she was trying to make her way to a fruit stand. This caused me to be very late for work and my boss was not happy with me, telling me I should “be more professional.” Mother called Spilled coffee Car failed to start Old lady =Very late for work, angry boss Causes -> Effect

9. Wordy and Unclear Employees often worry about suggestive comments from others. The employee may not only worry but feel the need to discuss the situation with coworkers. One thing that is an effect of sexual harassment, even verbal harassment, in the workplace is that productive is lost. Plans also need to be made to figure out how to deal with future comments. Engaging in these activities is sure to take time and concentration from work. Why is this unclear? What is the writer’s main point? (effect) What are the causes? Can you find the English mistake?

10. Concise and Clear Even verbal sexual harassment in the workplace causes a loss of productivity. Worry about suggestive comments from others, discussing those comments with coworkers, planning how to deal with future comments – these activities consume time and concentration that a harassed employee could spend on work. Clear topic sentence, cause and effect Factors that take up time

11. Let’s look at the difference Cause(s) -> Effect The aquifer, limestone, etc. causes the water clarity of Mt. Gambier to be quite clear. My mom, coffee spill, car, adjuma, etc. made me late for work. My new language book and the fact that I made time to study caused my Korean to improve. His cuteness, silliness and loyalty are all reasons why I love my dog. Effect -> Cause(s) The water clarity of Mt. Gambier is caused by the aquifer, limestone, etc. I was late to work due to my mom, a coffee spill, the car, and an adjuma. My Korean is improving because I bought a new language book and made time to study. I love my dog because he’s cute, silly and very loyal.

12. Cat / Fear of getting scratched, hate cat hair • I hate cats because I’m afraid of being scratched and don’t like their fur. • A fear of getting scratched and dislike of cat fur causes me to hate cats. • America’s inability to change / politicians • America’s inability to change is directly caused by their politicians. • Politicians are to blame for why America is unable to make changes. • Spring weather / everyone’s mood • The weather is lighting up everyone’s mood. • Everyone’s mood is improving thanks to the spring weather. • Homework, thesis, / no social life for HUFS Ss • Too much homework, preparing their thesis, and studying are all directly linked to the fact that HUFS students can’t have much of a social life. • HUFS students lack a social life due to the following reasons… Cause to effect; Effect to cause

13. Homework: Make a cause and effect paragraph, 5-7 sentences Here are a few ideas: • What caused you to dress the way you do? • Why did you enroll in HUFS? • Why were you on time/late today? Folk Stories Many cultures have made stories that “explain "why animals look or act the way they do. What “caused” the animals to look that way? Use your creativity! • Why the snake has no legs • Why the zebra has stripes Cultural • What causes Koreans to do/say/believe ____ • WhyKorea is an economic miracle/the shape/size it is In class homework