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Translation: From RNA to Protein

Translation: From RNA to Protein. SBI 4U November 19 th , 2012. Agenda. Take up homework Lesson on transcription. Open your Notebooks, and respond to the following questions. Describe the process of initiation What is the difference between the coding strand and the template strand?

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Translation: From RNA to Protein

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  1. Translation:From RNA to Protein SBI 4U November 19th, 2012

  2. Agenda Take up homework Lesson on transcription

  3. Open your Notebooks, and respond to the following questions Describe the process of initiation What is the difference between the coding strand and the template strand? What is the function of the spliceosomes?

  4. Recall mRNA has left the nucleus (after the transcription process)

  5. The Ribosome mRNA in cytoplasm – ready for translation Ribosomes attach to mRNA – 5’ cap 2 subunits: 60S & 40S Subunits clamp mRNA in 5’ to 3’ direction – growing polypeptide chain One nucleotide at a time – each codon codes for 1 amino acid

  6. The Role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNA delivers amino acids to polypeptide building site 2 “arms” – 1 arm, anticodon recognizes codon of the mRNA . 2nd arm carries transfers amino acid Recognition by tRNA of mRNA is facilitated by the complementarity of base pairing – UAU is AUA Every tRNA carries 1 amino acid only

  7. The Role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) Aminoacyl-tRNA– tRNA molecule containing its corresponding amino acid attached to its acceptor site

  8. Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain Start codon: AUG – ensures that the correct reading frame is used by the ribosome AUG – methionine Ribosome has 2 sites for tRNA: Acceptor (A) site and Peptide (P) site

  9. Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain Peptide site: when peptide bonds are formed between adjoining amino acids on a growing polypeptide chain Acceptor site: site in the ribosome where tRNA brings in an amino acid

  10. Steps in the Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain Methionine – P site Next tRNA carrying amino acid enters A site Ribosome shifts over one codon Third amino acid enters A site and second moves over to P site All 3 amino acids bonded by a peptide bond

  11. Termination of Protein Synthesis Stop codon 3 stop codons: UGA, UAG, UAA No corresponding tRNAs Release factor: protein that recognizes that the ribosome has stalled and aids in the release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome 2 subunits fall of mRNA and translation is done

  12. Homework HIV Case Study: pg 249 Page: 254, q: 1, 2, 4, 6

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