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The Human Body

The Human Body. Chapter Nineteen: Support and Movement. 19.1 Bones and Muscles 19.2 The Human Body as a Machine. 19.1 The skeletal system. The skeletal system serves many important functions including: It protects the vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

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The Human Body

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  1. The Human Body

  2. Chapter Nineteen: Support and Movement • 19.1 Bones and Muscles • 19.2 The Human Body as a Machine

  3. 19.1 The skeletal system The skeletal system serves many important functions including: • It protects the vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. • It gives your body shape and form. • It allows for movement. • It produces blood cells and stores minerals.

  4. 19.1 The skeletal system Here are common names for some of your bones: • mandible - jaw • sternum - breast bone • scapula - shoulder blade • humerus - upper arm • radius/ulna - forearm • femur - thigh • tibia - shin • phalanges - fingers and toes • pelvis - hip • patella - knee cap • calcaneus - heel Where are the smallest bones?

  5. 19.1 What is bone? • Compact boneprovides most of the strength and support. • Cancellous bonehas many open spaces like a sponge.

  6. 19.1 What is bone? • In many bones (like the femur), the cancellous bone protects the innermost part of the bone called bone marrow. • Bone marrowis a thick, jelly-like layer that makes blood cells or stores fat.

  7. 19.1 Joints • The place where two bones meet is called a joint. • Some joints are fixed while others move. • Your joints have their own lubricating fluid called synovial fluid. • This fluid helps them move freely.

  8. 19.1 The muscular system • The muscular systemconsists of skeletal muscles and tendons. • Skeletal musclesare made of skeletal muscle tissue. • The other two types of muscle tissue are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. • The major function of the muscular system is to move bones.

  9. 19.1 The muscular system • Skeletal muscle tissue is made up of thousands of cylindrical muscle fibers often running the entire length of the muscle. • Bundles of fibers are bound together by connective tissue. • Blood vessels and nerves run through the connective tissue.

  10. 19.1 Movement • Muscles usually work in pairs called flexors and extensors. • If a muscle bends part of your body, it is called a flexor. • If a muscle straightens part of your body, it is called an extensor. • Flexor and extensor pairs provide almost all the movement of your skeleton.

  11. 19.1 Exercise • Muscles require movement and exercise to remain strong. • Resistance exerciserequires muscles to overcome resistance (weight). • Aerobic exerciselike running, swimming laps, and cycling strengthens the heart and increases the endurance of skeletal muscle.

  12. Investigation 19A Levers • How does a lever work?

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