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HOW PERMS WORK

PERM AND NEUTRALISE HAIR USING BASIC TECHNIQUES. Perming and neutralising are chemical processes that damage the structure of the hairThey can be damaging to the hair if you do not understand what effect the chemicals have on the hair structureAny one can buy a home perm and cause disastrous effects through ignorance and not understanding what the chemicals can doTherefore it is important to understand the hair structure especially the cortex where the chemical changes take place.

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HOW PERMS WORK

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    1. HOW PERMS WORK

    2. PERM AND NEUTRALISE HAIR USING BASIC TECHNIQUES Perming and neutralising are chemical processes that damage the structure of the hair They can be damaging to the hair if you do not understand what effect the chemicals have on the hair structure Any one can buy a home perm and cause disastrous effects through ignorance and not understanding what the chemicals can do Therefore it is important to understand the hair structure especially the cortex where the chemical changes take place

    3. Why do clients want permed hair? To create curly hair To create wavy hair To maintain a style To give body and fullness To dry out greasy hair To have a change of image Fashion trends

    4. THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF HAIR Hair consists of a hardened protein called keratin Its function is to make the hair elastic and flexible Keratin is also found in the skin and the finger and toe nails It is made up of amino acids and peptide bonds Together they form polypeptide chains or links

    5. THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS These chains are found in the cortex of the hair and look like a spiral staircase To prevent this spiral from falling down , the polypeptide chains are supported by cross links of hydrogen bonds and disulphide bonds acting like scaffolding poles

    6. THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS Hydrogen bonds are weak and can be easily broken by water Therefore the shape of the hair can be changed temporarily by shampooing and then setting or blow-drying Disulphide bonds are very strong and cannot be broken down by shampooing, only chemicals can break down these stronger links This change will be permanent and takes place during perming or relaxing

    7. ALPHA KERATIN AND BETA KERATIN Hair that has been shampooed and left to dry naturally is described as alpha keratin (this is your natural hair state) If you shampoo and then set or blow-dry hair into a stretched or unnatural state it is called beta keratin (this shape easily changes back to alpha keratin by wetting or being in a damp area)

    8. ALPHA KERATIN AND BETA KERATIN Naturally straight hair(alpha keratin) becomes curly changing to beta keratin

    9. ALPHA KERATIN AND BETA KERATIN Naturally curly hair becomes straight changing alpha to beta keratin

    10. WHAT IS PERMING AND NEUTRALISING Perming is the process of curling hair by chemically altering its physical structure Neutralising is the chemical process that fixes the hair in a new position after it has been altered by the action of perm lotion

    11. HOW PERMS WORK Perming involves three stages Softening Moulding Fixing

    12. HOW PERMS WORK The Softening Stage Perm solution opens and swells cuticle so that perm lotion can enter the cortex

    13. HOW PERMS WORK The Moulding stage Perm solution deposits hydrogen Hydrogen attaches to disulphide bonds and breaks them apart into sulphur bonds (not all disulphide bonds are broken) The hair that has been softened now takes the shape of the rod This is known as moulding

    14. HOW PERMS WORK

    15. RE-CAP TEST What part of the hair structure does the perm solution effect during the perming process? What bonds can be broken down by water? When hair is in its natural state it is called --------- keratin When hair is stretched into its new shape it is called -------- keratin What bonds are broken down during the perming process? The three stages involved in perming are? What is the name of the chains or links that are found within the cortex? Hair consists of a hardened protein called? When a disulphide bond is broken down it becomes ? What is added to the hair during the fixing stage?

    16. RE-CAP TEST What part of the hair structure does the perm solution effect during the perming process? CORTEX What bonds can be broken down by water? HYDROGEN BONDS When hair is in its natural state it is called ALPHA keratin When hair is stretched into its new shape it is called BETA keratin What bonds are broken down during the perming process? DISULPHIDE BONDS The three stages involved in perming are? SOFTENING MOULDING AND FIXING What is the name of the chains or links that are found within the cortex? POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN Hair consists of a hardened protein called? KERATIN When a disulphide bond is broken down it becomes ? SULPHUR BOND What is added to the hair during the fixing stage? OXYGEN

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