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1. http://FarmAndRanchBiosecurity.com

2. The Principles of Animal Hygiene and Preventive Veterinary Medicine “The faith in “cures” and the practice of dealing with disease problems only after they have arisen, which thousands of years of magic and dosing have firmly established…is antagonistic to disease prevention” …those more particularly concerned with the food-producing animals must think in terms of hygiene, for their success is in no small measure dependent upon their knowledge of the subject” Leunis Van Es 1932, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (slide from Dr. David Smith)

3. Biosecurity… in the “real world”? … can you say “A-RITS”

5. Understand What We’re Up Against • How are cattle (the ultimate recyclers) raised? • approximately 100M in U.S. … • 50% from herds less than 30 … • 90% beef & 10% dairy … of the beef … • 2 years from birth to food supply • 40% in breeding herds • 30% grazing • 30% harvested each year • ALL in OPEN AIR ENVIROMENT !!! … wildlife • deer, coyotes, raccoons, birds, rodents, insects, …

6. Biosecurity Basics for Livestock Operations • Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease by minimizing the movement of biologic organisms (viruses, bacteria, rodents, etc.) onto and within an operation. • Biosecurity can be very difficult to maintain because of the very complex interrelationships between management, biologic organisms and biosecurity. • Biocontainment maybe the only practical control for many diseases. • While developing and maintaining biosecurity is difficult it is the cheapest, most effective means of disease control available and no disease prevention program will work without it.

7. Health - Disease Complex Interactions

8. Biosecurity Major Components: ASSESS Different Biosecurity Risks– RESISTANCE Improvement ISOLATE from risk TRAFFIC Control SANITATION – Think Clean RITSare hurdles threats must cross to cause a concern

9. 1st … the big “A” … ASSESSMENT • Take a close look at what can go wrong … • Assess the risk of each potential biosecurity problem …the relative significance & potential • Evaluate potential to PRCE each risk identified! • Prevent, Reduce, Control, or Eliminate • Resistance in the herd … • Source into and within the herd … • Exposure within the herd … • Don’t Gag On A Gnat & Swallow An Elephant!

10. 2nd …“RITS” Resistance, Isolation, Traffic Control, & Sanitation. ??? Evidence Based ??? • Maximize resistance General  Specific • Isolate from outside & within • Control exposure & potential spread • Clean, Clean & Clean … think CLEAN!

11. Risk Training Isolation Traffic Control Sanitation Action Trigger Rapid Response Comments Biosecurity – Specific Disease Control & Identification EXAMPLES … BS-Man-07-SpecficDisCont&ID.doc

12. Salmonella BSE FMD BVD-PI Leptospirosis Johne’s Leucosis Anaplasmosis Viral calf scours TB - Bangs Johne’s Leucosis Anaplasmosis Viral calf scours TB – Bangs Cryptosporidiosis Coccidiosis, Sarcocystis Neospora, Toxoplasma Trichomoniasis, Vibrio Common Inherent Diseases IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV, Mh & Pm Mycoplasma, & Clostridia Biosecurity Diseases to Consider: • Staph mastitis??? Mastitis (others???) • Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) • Noxious weed • Specific Bioterrorism Issues: Rank significance to different production systems Threat type: EXTERNAL, INTERNAL, MANAGEMENT

13. Secret to Biosecurity Hazard Analysis, Critical Control Points Target Activities to Targeted Outcomes Prevent, Reduce Control, Eliminate Justify Verify Monitor

14. Validate the HACCP PlanHazard Analysis, Critical Control Points (HACCP): • "Validation is the scientific & technical basis for CCP determination & CL identified and which control hazards." Validation should include a third party review and should be done regularly (yearly?). • Validation should reassess potential new hazards. • Evaluate all production steps, suppliers, equipment use and maintenance, isolation procedures, traffic control and sanitation.

15. Risk Management - PECR • Prevent, Eliminate, Control, Reduce • Resistance … General  Specific • SOURCE, EXPOSURE … Additions … • Isolate, test, monitor, re-test … • Traffic Control … • Sanitation … • Justify  Verify  Monitor • Is there evidence for control? • Is it getting done? • Is it working? (surveillance testing)

16. Sanitation … Disinfectants • Sanitation should stress CLEAN … not the use of disinfectants • Selection and use of Disinfectants • Understand the target pathogen • Understand the organic load • Understand the disinfectant properties • Understand disinfectant have been documented to relate to antibiotic resistance

17. Disinfectant Classification • Hypochlorites: • Iodine and ionophore disinfectants: • Chlorhexidine: • Alcohols: • Oxidizing Agents: • Phenolic disinfectants: • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: • Aldehydes:

18. All About Disinfectants Disinfectant Properties .

19. Disinfectant … Virus Targets Go to End

20. Biosecurity Risk … Evaluate • Accessibility • Personnel training • Reservoir(s) • Isolation • Traffic Flow • Sanitation • Pest Control

21. Biosecurity-Security … “what if” Emergency Action Plan • Assessing the situation: • Is it a disease concern? • Is it a contaminate concern? • Is it an intruder concern? • NOTIFY THE PROPER PERSONNEL • IMPLEMENT QUICK RESPONSE PLAN • SANITATION … SECURITY Go to End

22. http://FarmAndRanchBiosecurity.com