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The Impact of Social Networks. Toni C. Antonucci University of Michigan RCCN Workshop on Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults NIA, Bethesda, MD December 6-7, 2018
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The Impact of Social Networks Toni C. Antonucci University of Michigan RCCN Workshop on Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults NIA, Bethesda, MD December 6-7, 2018 Research reported here was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (MH46549 and MH066876), National Institute on Aging (AG13490, AG030569, AG045423), Social Relations Study Waves 1-3, Japanese Ministry, Doha, MacArthur and Templeton Foundations.
Social Relationships What we know • Linked to health and longevity • Impact health behaviors • Vary across contexts • Are multidimensional (structure, composition, quality) What we do not know • How links to health shaped by context • How to incorporate into interventions • Most effective aspects at changing & sustaining health behavior Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Theoretical Perspectives Convoy Model of Social Relations Personal Characteristics Health & Well-being Convoy Structure Convoy Support Convoy Quality Situational Characteristics • Personal characteristics (i.e., education, age) • Situational characteristics (i.e., housing context) Antonucci, T.C., Birditt, K.S., & Ajrouch, K. (2011). Convoys of social relations: Past, present, and future. In K.L. Fingerman, J. Smith, & C. Berg (Eds.), Handbook of life-span development (pp.161-182). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Kahn, R.L., & Antonucci, T.C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In P.B. Baltes, & O. Brim (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior(Vol. 3). New York: Academic Press. Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Measured Social Relations with Hierarchical Mapping Technique • Network Structure • Network size: 0-35 • Contact frequency • Proximity • Network Composition • % inner circle • % family • % younger than 25 YOU Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
State of the Art/Cutting Edge Data Both quantity and quality of relations are important Ambivalence is common – may even be useful Multiple sources of support preferable but not possible People are psychological – so is a major aspect of the social relations Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
State of the Art/Cutting Edge Data Mutiple sources of data are useful Positive and Negative Support Networks Biology and neuroscience offering new insights Social relations - both objective and subjective; modifiable Need to know more about how Social relations are dynamic –important for intervention work Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Some Data: MAC House intervention in HUD Senior housing Areas: physical, intellectual, social, community Exercise group: donated equipment; music; young instructor; visitors; singing; turn taking • Stability – for 80+ very important • Improvement – intellectual, community, social, <falls, < ER visits; energy • Decline – just one, functional health Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
More Data: HUMILITY: Detroit area; 3 groups Humility: Whites < Blacks < Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) Older people: smaller networks & humble +health No link for older people with larger networks Whites only: more humility better health, < dep Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Some Data: FORGIVENESS People with larger networks more Forgiving Whites < Blacks; Whites < MENA More Forgiving <Depressive Symptoms Larger network influences Depressive Symptoms through Forgiveness We Forgive people we feel close to regardless of Race/Ethnicity Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
FOUR NATIONS US, Japan, Mexico and Lebanon Similarities Differences Associations Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Major Gaps in the Field • Conceptual: • The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly • Are ‘conversion’ experiences possible? • Can problematic relationships be managed? • Can you 86 close relations? • The good, the bad and the ugly Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Major Gaps in the Field • Methodological: • How to assess what is really needed? • What kind of samples are best? • Can multiple sources of data collection be used? • The good, the bad and the ugly Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Major Gaps in the Field • Practical: • Can non-experts do it? • What is most needed? • Does intent count more than anything else? Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018
Social Relations and Interventions: Recommendations • Be Planful – health maintenance; health behaviors; memory training, living circumstances • Be Flexible – marathon running, wheelchair exercises; plan different social relations life as a couple, a widow, a friend, an Ann Arbor resident • Be Different – conventional/new treatment; diets; drugs; life styles, relationships • Be revolutionary – think outside the box; make sure it works for you Toni Antonucci, "Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change to Benefit Older Adults" Dec 6-7, 2018