Investigating disease

1. Investigating disease Lesson objective – to learn what well-being and disease means

2. Different definitions of health • Blaxter (1990) examined how people defined health. She carried out a survey of over 9000 people.

6. Relating health to PIES • Task one • Carry out some research on the above title. Create an individual mind map- help each other. • Task two • Find out ‘what is disease’? Write up one side of A4 on this.

7. Task three - What does having a disease mean? • How can diseases be classified? • Some are basic some are comprehensive. When trying to classify anything, we look for similarities and differences – putting things together that are similar. This is not as easy a task as it might seem. • The international classification of diseases by WHO is ? Find out in your own words.

8. Using the international statistical classification of diseases and related health Task 4 – research two diseases from the classifications. Could you all investigate different ones. We will compare them when I get back. Task 5 – communicable and non-communicable diseases- Complete a small research task , place this on a display board. Images of symptoms and possible flow charts showing how these diseases can be transferred from one person to another.

9. viral fungal Communicable diseases Protozoan Bacterial

10. Protozoa • Are single celled beings, some of which cause diseases in humans. The protozoan diseases vary from mild to life threatening. Almost all human beings have protozoa in their body at some point in their lifetime. However, in this age of acquired human immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), certain protozoa that once caused mild or no disease have become life threatening. A good example is Pneumocystiscarinii. This protozoa is found in the lungs of many healthy people. However, in patients with "AIDS" it can cause fatal pneumonia. • Tapeworm – Roundworm -

11. Giardia • Giardiaintestinalis is also known as giardialamblia and giardiaduodenalis. Giardia parasites live in the intestines of infected people or animals. The parasite exists in every region of the United States and around the world. It is found in food, water or soil that has been contaminated with infected fecal remains. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Giardia spreads through contaminated drinking water or by swallowing infected recreational water. It also spreads through uncooked food tainted with Giardia, among other methods. People with Giardia experience stomach upset, diarrhea, gas and greasy stools. The symptoms usually persist between two and six weeks. • Amebiasis • The Entamoebahistolytica parasite causes amebiasis. The disease can affect anyone, according to the CDC, but it is most common in tropical countries with poor sanitation. You can become infected by accidentally ingesting contaminated food or liquid or by placing infected objects in their mouths. The symptoms are usually fairly mild and involve stomach cramps and loose bowels, but sometimes a more serious form of the disease called amebic dysentery develops. If you have amebic dysentery you can suffer from bloody bowel movements, fever and stomach pain. Rarely, the parasite may also colonize the lungs, brain or liver. • Roundworm • Roundworms are helminths, or parasitic worms that live in the intestine. They infect people who live in warm and tropical climates. Ascariasis is the most common type of roundworm infection, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, this disease affects approximately 1 billion people. People become infected with ascariasis by eating or drinking contaminated food. The symptoms include the presence of worms in the stool or in vomit -- as well as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and fatigue. Hookworms are another common type of roundworm infection. Hookworm larvae penetrate the soles of bare feet and work their way through the lungs and into the small intestine. If you are infected with hookworms you may be asymptomatic and show no symptoms at all -- others experience abdominal pain, loss of appetite, rash, wheezing, cough and breathing difficulties. • Tapeworm • Humans are susceptible to several different types of parasitic tapeworms. The Mayo Clinic indicates that the pork tapeworm or Taeniasolium is the most dangerous. The adult worm, which grows to be around 20 feet long, produces eggs that hatch into larvae. The larvae form cysts in the liver, brain or muscle tissue. According to Parasitesinhumans.org, the cysts age and their shell structures deteriorate -- this creates an inflammatory bodily response that involves dizziness, headaches, seizures, organ failure and even sudden death. People become infected with pork tapeworm by eating undercooked meat, through poor hygiene and by exposure to livestock.

12. Lifestyle Deficiency Degenerative Non-communicable diseases Environment Inherited

13. How does environment affect our health and possible resulting diseases Diseases with the largest total annual health burden from environmental factors, in terms of death, illness and disability or Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)1 are: Diarrhoea (58 million DALYS per year; 94% of the diarrhoeal burden of disease) largely from unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene Lower respiratory infections (37 million DALYs per year; 41% of all cases globally) largely from air pollution, indoor and outdoor. Unintentional injuries other than road traffic injuries (21 million DALYs per year; 44 % of all cases globally), classification which includes a wide range of industrial and workplace accidents. Malaria (19 million DALYs per year; 42% of all cases globally), largely as a result of poor water resource, housing and land use management which fails to curb vector populations effectively. Road traffic injuries (15 million DALYS per year; 40% of all cases globally), largely as a result of poor urban design or poor environmental design of transport systems. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) -- a slowly progressing disease characterized by a gradual loss of lung function. (COPD, 12 million DALYs per year; 42% of all cases globally) largely as a result of exposures to workplace dusts and fumes and other forms of indoor and outdoor air pollution. Perinatal conditions (11 million DALYS per year; 11% of all cases globally). Task 6 – Think about how different environments affect the health of people. Diseases such as: - now complete a poster about how to stop or prevent one of these environmental diseases.

14. Perinatal stage