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Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and Meiosis. Vocabulary. Diploid: a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. Haploid: a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. Mitosis: part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

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Mitosis and Meiosis

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  1. Mitosis and Meiosis

  2. Vocabulary Diploid: a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. Haploid: a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. Mitosis: part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides Meiosis: process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

  3. Vocabulary Homologous: refers to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome form the opposite-sex parent. Eukaryote: organism whose cells contain nuclei Prokaryote: a single celled organism lacking a nucleus. Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.

  4. Cell Division during Mitosis

  5. Interphase • During G1 the cell carries out normal metabolic activities. • During S the cell duplicates genetic material • Genetic material duplicates so that when the cell divides • Each daughter cell contains the same amount of genetic materials as the parent cell. • During G2 the cell prepares for division.

  6. Prophase Nuclear membrane breaks down Genetic material condenses into chromosomes Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell Microtubules attach to centrioles Visible under a microscope.

  7. Metaphase • Duplicated chromosomes line up on the equators • Microtubules attach to the centomere • Centromere holds the duplicated chromosomes together.

  8. Anaphase • Duplicated chromosomes separate • One of each pair pulled toward opposite poles

  9. Telophase • New nuclear membranes for around the separated genetic material which begins to unwind

  10. Cytokinesis • Cytoplasm divides. • Cytoplasm: material inside the cell membrane—not including the nucleus • Result in 2 daughter cells • Look exactly alike • Have exact genetic material as the parent cell

  11. Meiosis • Meiosis I • Process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

  12. Meiosis I Prior to meiosis I, each chromosome is replicated. Cells begin to divide in a way that looks similar to mitosis

  13. Interphase I • Cells undergo a round of DNA replication • Form duplicate chromosomes

  14. Meiosis I/Prophase I • Chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad. • Tetrad—structure containing 4 chromotids that forms during meiosis

  15. Anaphase I Fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.

  16. Telophase I/Cytokinesis Nuclear membranes form. Cell separates into two cells.

  17. Meiosis II The two cells produced by meiosis I now enter a second division. Neither cell goes through a round of chromosome replication before entering meiosis II. Each of the cell’s chromosomes has 2 chromotids.

  18. Prophase II Meiosis I results in two (haploid) daughter cells. Each have half the number of chromosomes as the original cells. (23)

  19. Metaphase II Chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis.

  20. Anaphase II The sister chromotids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.

  21. Telophase II and Cytokinesis Meiosis II results in four (haploid) daughter cells.

  22. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis In what type of cell does division cell division take place. Mitosis Meiosis

  23. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis • In what type of cell does division cell division take place. • Mitosis • Somatic Cells: any cell forming the body of an organism. • Meiosis

  24. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis • In what type of cell does division cell division take place. • Mitosis • Somatic Cells: any cell forming the body of an organism. • Meiosis • Germ Cells: biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.

  25. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis What is the purpose of division? Mitiosis: Meiosis:

  26. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis What is the purpose of division? Mitosis: Growth, repair of tissue Meiosis:

  27. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis • What is the purpose of division? • Mitosis: Growth, repair of tissue • Meiosis: Production of gametes • Gametes: specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction.

  28. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G1? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  29. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G1? Mitosis: Diploid (2n) n = 23 Meiosis:

  30. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G1? Mitosis: Diploid (2n) =46 chromosomes Meiosis: Diploid (2n)= 46 chromosomes

  31. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G2? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  32. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G2? Mitosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n) Meiosis:

  33. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are present at G2? Mitosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n) Meiosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n)

  34. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many divisions are there? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  35. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many divisions are there? Mitosis: 1 Meiosis:

  36. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many divisions are there? Mitosis: 1 Meiosis: 2

  37. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many daughter cells are produced? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  38. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many daughter cells are produced? Mitosis: 2 Meiosis:

  39. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many daughter cells are produced? Mitosis: 2 Meiosis: 4

  40. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are in the daughter cells? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  41. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are in the daughter cells? Mitosis: Diploid (2n) Meiosis:

  42. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis How many chromosomes are in the daughter cells? Mitosis: Diploid (2n) Meiosis: Haploid (n)

  43. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Are the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  44. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Are the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells? Mitosis: Identical Meiosis:

  45. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Are the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells? Mitosis: Identical Meiosis: Unique

  46. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Does crossing over occur? If so, during what state? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  47. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Does crossing over occur? If so, during what state? Mitosis: No Meiosis:

  48. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Does crossing over occur? If so, during what state? Mitosis: No Meiosis: Prophase I

  49. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis During what stage do the sister chromatids separate? Mitosis: Meiosis:

  50. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis During what stage do the sister chromatids separate? Mitosis: Anaphase Meiosis:

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