Ch 1 The Global Environment

1. Section 2 Understanding the Physical World Ch 1 The Global Environment

2. Use globes and maps to represent the Earth. • Globe is more accurate than a map • Why? Tools of Geographers

3. Shaped like the Earth, a globe gives a true picture of the size and shape of landmasses and of distances across oceans.

4. GerardusMercartor, created a map that showed direction accurately. • Sailors could know whether they were traveling North, South, East or West. • Mercator map- gives an accurate view of land areas near the equator. Distorts size and shape of lands near the north and south poles. Mid 1400’s

5. Mercator

6. There are many different types of interrupted projection maps. These types of maps try to depict the continents as accurately as possible by leaving blank space in the less important areas of the map, such as in the oceans. Interrupted Projection

7. Interrupted Projection

8. Shows the correct areas of landmasses and oceans. Directions are also accurate Distorts the shapes of Africa and South America (appear longer and thinner) Peters Projection

9. Peters Projection

10. Used today. Shows correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses. Accurate sizes of oceans and distances. Distortions- regions shown along edges Robinson Projection

11. Robinson Projection

12. A political map shows the borders that divide nations from one another. A physical map shows features such as mountains, lakes and rivers. Physical features of a place or region are called its topography. Special Purpose Maps

13. Population Map shows how many people live in an area. A natural resources map shows where coal, uranium, oil and other important resources are found.

14. People have adapted to different kinds of natural features or landforms. • Major landforms are mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus. Major Landforms

15. Mountains- high, steep, rugged land that rises above the surrounding land. • Generally have small populations. • Ancient city of Machu Picchu in Peru was built on a mountaintop 8,038 feet above sea level.

16. Hills- raised lands, but are lower and less steep. Have more settlers. Easy farming.

17. Plains- large areas of fairly level or gently rolling land. • Low elevation, Coastal plains are lowland areas that border oceans, and can provide good farmland

18. Plateaus- large areas of high, flat or gently rolling land. • Have elevations ranging from a few hundred to several thousand feet above sea level. • Can provide good farmland. • Can provide relief from high temperatures in hot tropical regions • Mexico City, Mexico is densely populated more than 22 million people.

20. Climate- Average weather a place has over a period of 20-30 years. • Location- one factor that affects climate is latitude. • Lands close to the equator have tropical climate. High temp. and ample rainfall Climate Zones

21. Areas farther North or South of the Equator have temperate climates, with warm and cold season. • U.S and areas of Central Asia and Europe

22. Located far from the Equator, lands near the North and South poles have arctic climates. • Cold all year • Oceans • Carry warm or cool water in circular patterns around the world.