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French Sounds & Spellings Reference

A general and simplified reference guide about French vowel sounds, tricky consonants, nasal phonemes, regular graphemes, and more. Perfect for beginners to develop pronunciation skills. Includes exercises to practice sounds.

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French Sounds & Spellings Reference

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  1. Prior learning: Following on from the alphabet! Key French sounds & spellings(a very general & simplified reference) Jo Rhys-Jones, November 2011 Talkabout Primary Languages

  2. vowels tricky consonants nasal phonemes on/an/en, in/ain/ein regular graphemes ou, au/eau, gn, ph graphemes which make more than one sound silent letters elision & liaison Table of contents:

  3. Voyelles: a e é è-ê o u i-y

  4. A a chat

  5. e – same sound made by eu / Œu le me ne je e neuf œuf deux

  6. É – same sound made by er/ez décembre regarder levez la main! é café bébé éléphant

  7. è-ê same sound made by ai/ei/et è-ê tête pêche frère père mère zèbre

  8. i-y dix six Yvonne i-y stylo bicyette lit

  9. o o - same sound made by ô/au/eau o – can also be a short sound carotte piano vélo,pot, hôtel, beau, chaud pomme,bol, docteur

  10. u • Put your finger in your mouth like a lollipop. • Remove your finger but keep your lips still. • Without moving your lips, try to say ‘ee’ • That is the French sound ‘u’. u sucette

  11. Tricky consonants: c g h s y t w

  12. c same sound as ç usually a hard sound Soft when followed by e or i cinéma carotte police,France, cent, cinq, délicieux, garçon... crayon,sac, café, banc, caméra...

  13. g usually a hard sound Soft when followed by e or i garage gorille gomme, guitare, catalogue, regarder... pigeon,orange, genou, girafe,

  14. h is silent h thé héros hôtel

  15. s usually a soft sound Hard when between 2 vowels oiseau poisson sac, soupe, classe, danser... cuisine,visite, rose, musique, chemise

  16. t usually the same sound as in English exceptions – can change to s sound when followed by i dictionnaire tomate tulipe, tarte, moto, minute... direction,addition, patience, essentiel… Do thesewordsmake a normal t sound in English?

  17. w is only used in words that are borrowed from other languages- makes the same sound as in English w kiwi wagon EXCEPT: le wc

  18. y usually same sound as french i but same sound as in English when between 2 vowels crayon stylo Yvonne,cycliste, Nancy lycée, pyjama... joyeux,loyal, incroyable, voyage…

  19. nasal phonemes, : on/an/en Puristswillrightly argue thereis a verysubtledifferencebetween on and an/en but it’shighlyunlikely to benoticable up to GCSE levelso I leavethat to teacherdiscretion and the level of your class… in/ain/ein

  20. on/an/en: also om/AM/EM bonjour danse dentiste tombola chambre décembre on an en om am em lampe enfants mouton

  21. in/ain/ein: also im vin intelligent train demain peinture important in ain ein lapin im ceinture pain

  22. regular graphemes: e/eu/oeu oi ou é/ez/er au/eau/ô ph gn è/ai/ei/et

  23. ou: always makes the same sound ou bouche souris moutarde

  24. e/eu/Œu: Always make the same sound le me ne je e eu œu neuf œuf deux

  25. oi: always makes the same sound oi trois étoile histoire

  26. É/ez/er: make the same sound décembre levez la main! janvier é ez er nez café jouer

  27. au/eau/ô: make the same sound o ô au eau hôtel jaune oiseau moto bateau taureau

  28. è/ê/ai/ei/et: All make the same sound è ê ai ei et frère fête chaise neige Paul et Liliane baleine j’aime robinet

  29. ph: makes the same sound as french f ph téléphone alphabet éléphant

  30. gn: always makes the same sound gn araignée signal champignon

  31. graphemes with more than one sound: ch ill ail/eil/euil/ouil

  32. ch usually a soft sound: but hard sound when a greek word – often before r or l Chef Chrétien Charlotte,marché, chat champagne, chocolat... orchestre, chœur, chronique, technique…

  33. ill usually a softened sound: some exceptions when the l sound is pronounced: Famille Million fille, vanille, gorille gentille, habiller… village, ville,mille tranquille

  34. ail/eil/euil/ouil: make similar y sound At the end abeille ail eil euil ouil bouteille travail soleil feuille nouille médaille bouillir

  35. Silent letters usually the final consonant is not pronounced: But the letters b c f k l q R usually are pronounced: club mouton éléphant, lit, lapin trois, froid,abricot… snob, flic, chef, anorak avril, cinq, hiver Exceptions: ours, sud, autobus, tennis, somenames, Exceptions: blanc, porc, clef, -er infinitives

  36. Elision/liaison: • when a word that ends in a normally silent consonant is followed by a word that begins with a vowel or silent h, then the consonant is pronounced – usually... petit le petit éléphant

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