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1. BCIS 3610Fundamental Concepts Daniel Peak, Ph.D. ITDS Department University of North Texas
2. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Hierarchy of Knowledge
3. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Hierarchy of Knowledge Knowledge: assimilated information, where people understand the relationships between pieces of information Information: data that is organized and has value, where data has been processed into a meaningful form Data: raw facts (assumed to be true), unformatted
4. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Hierarchy of Knowledge Wisdom: Vision and depth of understanding acquired through extensive knowledge and experience Intelligence: knowledge that is skillfully applied to solve problems; in people, intelligence is synonymous with experience; in computers, intelligence is artificial, imitating experience in people
5. Knowledge as a Business Resource Knowledge Worker A well-educated professional who creates, modifies, or synthesizes knowledge in one’s profession Knowledge Society Also called digital society, new economy Working with brains instead of hands The importance of education Digital divide
6. Systems Defined Combinations of components or elements that are formed or interact to accomplish a goal or purpose Contain inputs that are processed into outputs Have a boundary Receive input from both inside and outside the boundary Adjust through feedback
7. Diagram of a System System Boundary Monitoring and Feedback Processing / Transformation Input Output Internal Environment External Environment
8. Elements: Lungs, heart, arteries, blood, airways, etc. Interaction: Air from external environment introduced into internal system Purpose: Provide oxygen to the human body, discharge carbon dioxide Systems: Respiratory
9. Federal Income Tax System Elements: US Congress, Office of Internal Revenue, US Courts and Law Enforcement, Employers and employees Interaction: Income earned by individuals and reported by employers is processed by IRS, enforced by US Government Purpose: Collect income tax from individuals who work in the US to provide funds for the US Government
10. Combinations of components or elements that are formed or interact to accomplish an information-relatedgoal or purpose (involves people) A special type of system: an information system Information Systems Defined Systems Information Systems
11. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Hierarchy of Knowledge
12. Diagram of an Information System System Boundary Monitoring and Feedback Information, Knowledge, Intelligence, or Wisdom Processing / Transformation Output Input Data, Information, Knowledge, or Intelligence Internal Environment External Environment
13. IT is the unconnected pieces of information technology When these pieces join to accomplish an information-relatedgoal or purpose, they form an information system Information Technology Defined Information Technology Information Systems
14. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Business Flavor:Management IS (MIS)
15. Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data The Business Flavor:Management IS (MIS)
16. The Hierarchy of Data(Perspective: database design) Database A collection of integrated and related files DB table (or file) A collection of related records Record A collection of related fields Field A group of characters Character Basic building block of information, represented by a byte
17. Example of Relationships Among Rows
18. The Hierarchy of Data, with Examples DB tables
19. The Traditional Approach Separate files are created and stored for each application program.
20. The Database Approach A pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs. Rather than having separate data files, each application uses a collection of data that is either joined or related in the database.
21. The Database Approach Foundational Concepts Database – Highly organized information (Tables, Indexes) DBMS – Database Management Systems (Database, Interface, Tools) Use a DBMS software to create, store, organize, and retrieve data from a single database or several databases Example: Microsoft Access
22. Levels of a Database Management System (DBMS) Level Term Term Definitions Highest A collection of related files or entities containing information to support a given system or a particular topic area Database A collection of records or instances for a given entity. These are also called tables depending on the DBMS File A group of fields or attributes to describe a single instance of an entity. These are also called rows depending on the DBMS Record Individual characteristics about an entity. Fields are also called attributes or columns depending on the type of DBMS Field Lowest
23. Relationships Theoretical types One to one One to many Many to many Physical types One to one One to many Many to one; one to many 1:1 Husband Wife 1:M Husband Wife M:M Husband Wife
24. Strategy: Competitive Advantage
25. Value Chain Analysis
26. IS Roles in the Value Chain: Business Process Re-engineering
27. Value Chain Analysis: The larger Picture Supply Chain Management Enterprise Resource Planning Customer Relationship Management
28. Porter’s Five Forces Input Output
29. Example of Five Forces Figure 3-3
30. Levels of the Organization and Functional Level Systems Unstructured Decisions Executive Information Systems Decision Support Systems (both levels) Semi-structured Decisions Management Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Structured Decisions
31. Levels of the Organization and Functional Level Systems Expert Systems Business Intelligence Knowledge Management Management Info Systems Data Processing Systems Unstructured Decisions Executive Information Systems Decision Support Systems (both levels) Semi-structured Decisions Management Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Structured Decisions
32. Ethics, Morality, Crime, Tort Ethics Standards of acceptable conduct Very changeable Morality Standards of right and wrong Absolute, unchangeable Crime A violation of criminal law Tort A violation of civil law