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Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid. SBI4U0 Ms. Manning. Structure. Contains phosphate, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups Informational macromolecules used to store hereditary information that determines the structural and functional characteristics of an organism

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Nucleic Acid

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  1. Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning

  2. Structure • Contains phosphate, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups • Informational macromolecules used to store hereditary information that determines the structural and functional characteristics of an organism • Only molecules that can reproduce an identical copy of themselves

  3. Monomer • Nucleotides • Nitrogen base • Sugar • phosphate

  4. Polymer • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA – Ribonucleic acid

  5. 1) DNA • Permanent storage site of genetic info • Sugar = deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with one less oxygen than ribose of RNA • 4 nucleotides = A,C,T,G • 2 purines = A & G, 2 pyrimidines C & T • A – T and C – G • Bases held together with hydrogen bonds

  6. DNA Cont’d • 2 strands running in opposite directions form a -helix • Phosphodiester bonds like sides of the helix • Phosphate group of one to hydroxyl of sugar on other

  7. 2) RNA • Reads the info in DNA and transcribes it into a polypeptide DNA cannot leave the nucleus • Single strand of nucleotides • U replaces T

  8. 3) ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Used to drive all reactions in the body and supply energy

  9. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 1: Nucleotide: contains a phosphate functional group, a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base (A,T, G, C or U)

  10. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 2: The Nitrogenous Bases: Purines are double ring bases (A and G) Pyrimidines are single rung bases (C, U, and T)

  11. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 3: ATP: A high energy molecule used by our cells to run cellular processes. When one phosphate group is lost it becomes ADP and energy is released

  12. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 4: DNA: anti-parallel backbone of sugar-phosphate, base pairs along the middle, held together by H-bonds

  13. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 5: DNA naturally coils to form an -helix, stable due to the cumulative effect of the H-bonds, pyrimidines bond to purine = constant diameter

  14. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 6: Messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA, carries info in DNA to cytoplasm, T is replaced with U

  15. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 7: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain.

  16. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 8: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome, a large and small subunit grasp the mRNA between them and provide the location for polypeptide assembly

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