Download
1 / 6
60 likes | 73 Views
Explore the constitutional foundations, jurisdiction, and types of law within the federal court system. Learn about the establishment of courts, their authority to interpret laws, and the different categories of law they handle. Delve into landmark cases like Marbury v. Madison that shaped judicial review.
E N D
The Federal Courts Chapter 11 Section 1
Constitutional Origins • The courts are established by Article III of the Constitution. • Specifically creates only the Supreme Court • Gives Congress the power to establish inferior federal courts. • State courts were already in place long before the Constitution was written.
Jurisdiction of the Courts • Jurisdiction: The right to interpret and apply the law; a courts range of authority. • Federal Courts • Reps of foreign nations • Maritime law (law of the sea) • Bankruptcy cases • Two or more state governments • Citizens of different states • A state and a citizen of a different state or country • U.S. laws and treaties under the Constitution
Jurisdiction of the Courts • Exclusive Jurisdiction • The authority of the federal courts alone to hear and rule in certain cases. • Concurrent Jurisdiction • The authority to hear cases shared by the federal and state courts. • Original Jurisdiction • The court’s authority to hear a case for the first time. • Appellate Jurisdiction • The court’s authority to hear cases on appeal.
Types of Law • Civil Law • Law dealing with the rights and relationships of private citizens. • Plaintiff: the person who file suit. • Defendant: One against whom a legal charge has been made. • Criminal Law • Type of law dealing with crimes and providing for their punishment. • Constitutional Law • Type of law relating to the interpretation of the Constitution. • Federal Court has jurisdiction
Marbury V. Madison • Court case in which the Supreme Court established the power of judicial review. • Writ of Mandamus: a court order that commands a government official to take a particular action.
