Idling Reduction Overview

1. Terry Levinson Senior Project Manager, Argonne National Laboratory July 27, 2011 Idling Reduction Overview

2. About Clean Cities Reduce Replace Eliminate Mission To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that reduce the use of petroleum in the transportation sector Goal Reduce petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons per year by 2020 • Replacement • Reduction • Elimination Accomplishments • Displaced nearly 3 billion gallons of petroleum since 1993 • Put more than 775,000 alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) on the road • Installed more than 6,600 alternative fueling stations

3. About Clean Cities

4. Heavy-duty trucks, buses and motor coaches, light-duty vehicles (including passenger cars), marine vessels, locomotives, aircraft, and off-road equipment Basics: What Kinds of Vehicles Idle?

5. Basics: Why Do Vehicles Idle? Trucks and Buses • To keep fuel and engine warm • For driver safety and comfort (including federally required overnight rest periods) • In queue in “creep mode” Personal Vehicles • Picking up kids at school and activities • Waiting while someone runs into a store • Warming up in winter (especially with remote start) • At railroad and border crossings, at drive-throughs, at toll booths, and in traffic Locomotives • To keep engine warm so that it starts (antifreeze not used in locomotives) • For “hotel load” (nonpropulsion needs, such as to keep the toilet water from freezing) • To keep battery charged • To maintain air pressure in the air brake system

6. Basics: Workday Idling All truck types may idle during the day. This represents a significant use of fuel. Where? • Ports and terminals • Busy delivery sites • Border crossings • Restaurants (while drivers eat) • Tourist destinations (tour buses) • Pickup and drop-off areas at airports What can be done? • Idling reduction devices can be used • These do not enable slow movement in queue (“creep mode”). • Hybrid vehicles can “creep” with the engine off • Schedule adjustments can reduce idling.

7. Basics: Why Is Idling a Problem? Cost of fuel (for which driver gets 0 mpg) Consumption of a nonrenewable resource Emissions/air quality Noise Engine wear and additional maintenance costs Illegal in some states and municipalities

8. Basics: Petroleum Use, Emissions, and Engine Wear Idling and petroleum use • Idling consumes more than 6 billion gallons/year (>$20 billion) • Idling accounts for ~8% of truck fuel consumption • Idling consumes about 4%of U.S. oil imports Idling and Emissions • 140,000 tons nitrogen oxides (NOx), 2,400 tons carbon monoxide (CO), and 7.6 million tons CO2 annually from trucks idling overnight alone • Highest emissions often near densely populated areas or sensitive populations Idling and engine wear • Reduces mileage to overhaul • Increases maintenance costs

9. Common exemptions: Armored vehicles Emergency vehicles Power take-off Snow removal Temperature Idling laws vary in their application: Diesel fuel Gasoline fuel Classes 1-8 Time limits Basics: Idling May Be Against the Law

10. Benefits: Idling Reduction Is the Low-Hanging Fruit of Fuel Economy It pays for itself in 3 years or less!

11. Availability: On-Board Idling Reduction Options All reduce fuel use and emissions Automatic engine stop-start controls Auxiliary power units (APUs) and similar devices, such as auxiliary batteries/power cells to run vehicle electronics Cab and block heaters Air-conditioners (battery or thermal storage)

12. Single-system electrification Hookup, via a window adaptor, provides heating, cooling, and amenities such as TV (no on-board equipment required) Dual-system electrification (shore power) Power connection allows driver to plug in on-board equipment, such as heater, A/C, computer, and appliances such as microwaves Availability: Wayside Idling Reduction Options Truck stop electrification sites can be found at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/progs/tse_listings.php

13. Education about driving practices to reduce unnecessary idling Air and coolant heaters Coolant circulation Supplies heat from the warm engine to passenger compartment for several hours Availability: Options for Light-Duty Vehicles • Small fan • - Blows hot air out of car • - Can be powered by photovoltaic panel on roof • 57-W fan available as option on the Toyota Prius • Use of hybrid vehicles • - Turns engine off at stops • - Solves creep idle problem • - Additional power may be required for operation of HVAC or electronics in engine-off mode

14. Implementation: How Can We Implement—and Afford—IR? Aside from your friendly banker, there are many state and national programs that offer grants and loans for idling reduction equipment. Check your eligibility and get help, if necessary, preparing the paperwork. • National grants, loans, and rebates • EPA SmartWay Finance Program • Manufacturer rebates and loans • Nonprofit organizations (e.g., Cascade Sierra Solutions and Climate Trust) • State grants and loans (including programs targeted to small businesses)—examples include: • State Clean Diesel Grant Programs • California Air Resources Board • Climate Trust • Efficiency Maine • Minnesota Pollution Control Agency • North Central Texas Council of Governments • Pennsylvania Small Business Advantage Grant Program

15. Lists solicitations for funding and awards Alerts readers to changes in regulations and enforcement Provides links to idling cost calculators Describes new programs and recognitions of excellence Lists upcoming meetings and events For More Information http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/resources/fcvt_national_idling.html Please don’t idle unnecessarily!

16. For More Information • AFDC’s Idling Reduction Page • www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/idle_reduction.html • Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) • www.afdc.energy.gov • Clean Cities • www.cleancities.energy.gov • Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalition • www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/coordinators.php

17. For More Information Contact: Terry M. Levinson Senior Project Manager Argonne National Laboratory 955 L'Enfant Plaza North, Suite 6000 Washington, DC  20024 (202) 488-2472 voice (202) 595-4641 BlackBerry tlevinson@anl.gov http://www.transportation.anl.gov