530 likes | 797 Views
RIBF で挑む核物理. 理化学研究所・仁科加速器研究センター 櫻井博儀. RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF). Experiment facility. To be funded. Old facility. Accelerator. RIPS. SHE (eg. Z=113). GARIS. ~100 MeV/nucleon. ~5 MeV/nucleon. RILAC. SCRIT. AVF. ZeroDegree. SAMURAI. fRC. RRC. SLOWRI. SRC. IRC. RI-ring.
E N D
RIBFで挑む核物理 理化学研究所・仁科加速器研究センター 櫻井博儀
RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) Experiment facility To be funded Old facility Accelerator RIPS SHE (eg. Z=113) GARIS ~100 MeV/nucleon ~5 MeV/nucleon RILAC SCRIT AVF ZeroDegree SAMURAI fRC RRC SLOWRI SRC IRC RI-ring SHARAQ BigRIPS CRIB (CNS) 350-400 MeV/nucleon New facility • Intense (80 kW max.) H.I. beams (up to U) of 345AMeV at SRC • Fast RI beams by projectile fragmentation and U-fission at BigRIPS • Operation since 2007
Progress of Research Opportunities with RI Beams Construction of a dedicated facility for RI beam production via the projectile fragmentation 1990- 0th-generation at LBL 1st-generation at LISE-GANIL
Challenges in Methodology with fast RI beams at RIPS ~40-70 A MeV and A < 60 transmission method for nuclear radii information energy-dependence of total reaction cross sections, e.g. 11Be in-beam gamma spectroscopy for particle bound states Magicity loss at N=20 Anomaly of B(E2) in 16C via Coulomb excitation, (p,p’), Two-step fragmentation, Recoil-shadow methods, ... invariant mass spectroscopy for particle unbound states Large B(E1) in the halo nuclei 11Be, 19C Radiative capture cross sections in stellar evolutions :7Be(p,g)8B missing mass spectroscopy Spectroscopy on the heaviest hydrogen 7H polarized rare-isotope beams for electro-magnetic moments Anomaly of quadrupole moments in the B isotopes via beta-NMR techniques
New frameworks for the new region of nuclear chart Nuclear Structure: Shell evolution Nuclear Matter: New forms Neutron-rich Nuclei Stable Nuclei neutron-skin nuclei ? ? ? neutron-halo nuclei N=16 N=6 11Be, 11Li, 19C... Observation of Exotic phenomena, Systematics, etc. Isospin-, density-dependences of effective interactions, nucleon-corrections Microscopic system (nuclei) to Macroscopic system (neutron stars)
Challenge for r-process path and explosion in supernovae Synthesis up to U (r-process) unknown neutron-rich nuclei theoretical predictions only Necessary of experimental investigation for nuclear properties of heavy and neutron-rich nuclei Mass, life-time, decay mode Mass number Explosion mechanism of supernova No explosion in theoretical works Outer clast of neutron star Necessary of experimental study for Equation-of-State for nuclear matter 1987A 5
RIBFでのエキゾチック核研究の特徴 発見性(Serendipity): 広大な未知の領域 挑戦から発見へ。 新手法の開拓 系統性(Systematics): 量から質へ モッテルソン 先生曰く、 「一つの原子核だけではダメ。 周りも調べろ。」 協同性(Synergy): 実験と理論 大量のデータが生み出す 混沌から新秩序を形成 「新しい教科書」 理研と大学・他の研究所 国際協力
RIビーム・「21世紀の粒子線」 RIの生成 RIビーム生成装置 (分析電磁石で構成 生成されたRIを 収集・分離) 標的物質 重イオン加速器 (核反応を起こさせる。 ベリリウム、炭素など) (原子核を加速できる) ウランビームによる核分裂反応の優位性 RIビーム 核分裂反応(238Uビーム)(新規) 78Niの生成量は、 破砕反応よりも 核分裂反応が約1、000倍優位!! 生成確率 ウランビームによる核分裂反応の優位性 N=50 10,000:1 入射核破砕反応(86Krビーム)(従来) 78Ni 陽子数
超伝導リングサイクロトロン(SRC) 世界初 サイクロトロン加速器 ->ビーム強度が圧倒的に強い! ウランを光速の70%まで加速 ->厚い標的を利用可! ->世界最高のRIビーム強度 総重量8300トンの「鉄の塊」タイプ 史上最強のイオンビーム偏向能力(8Tm) 最大磁場 3.8 T SRC 2005年12月撮影
RIビーム生成装置 BigRIPS ウラン核分裂片の約50%を収集分離 超伝導四重極電磁石の採用 輸送効率のよいRIビーム分配 世界初の2段分離法採用 SRC BigRIPS RIビームの供給 2006年11月完成 第2ステージ 常伝導偏向電磁石 SRCからのビーム 超伝導四重極電磁石 第1ステージ RI生成標的
Great expansion of nuclear world by RIBFIntensity > 1 particle/day(EPAX@GSI) Exploration of the Limit of Existence New Element 278113 04 July 23 18:55 57 fb protons In-flight U fission & P.F. Projectile Fragmentation 78Ni ~0.1 particles/sec. (2007) by 10pnA 350 MeV/u U-beam 10 particles/sec. (goal) by 1pmA neutrons
エキゾチック核研究を推進している研究所 赤色:理研と同手法でRIビームを生成 欧米次期計画 GSI-FAIR(ドイツ) 2013- FRIB (米国) 12
新同位元素を発見! 青、赤の領域、約1,000種 F~Naの中性子ドリップ線の決定! 40Mgの安定性?? 2002 2007 不安定核の粒子識別(2002) 23
Delivery of tagged RI-beam Based on two-stage separator scheme T. Kubo et al. Cocktail beam A, Z, Q mixed Tagged beam Dispersive focus To RI-beam delivery line & experimental set-ups TOF& E Bmeasurement Identify RI-beam species Z, A/Q by measuring E, B, TOF in an event-by-event mode using beam-line detectors on the 2nd stage. Aim at tagging rate up to 1 x 106 pps. total reaction cross section measurement with 2nd stage 2ndary target placed at F5
普通の粒子識別 TOF (飛行時間) ー>速度 v Br(磁気リジディティ) = A/Q * v DE (電離損失)= Z2 / v2 E (運動E) = A v2 ー>A、Q、Z BigRIPSの粒子識別 E測定なし ー>A/Q、Z
New isotopes of 125, 126Pd Onishi et al., JPSJ in press. Bρ: 7.438 Tm, ΔP/P=2% Isomer 96Rb 238U + Be(7mm) at 345 MeV/u 2007 MAY-JUNE Total dose: 3.6×1012
Identification of new isotopes 125,126Pd T. Onishi et al, JPSJ 77 (08)083201. 125 (22counts) 126 (3counts) A/Q resolution(r.m.s): 0.041% at Z=46 Br resolution (r.m.s): 0.02% DT resolution (r.m.s.): 40 psec Total dose 3.6x1012 for 25 hrs I ~0.01 pnA on average Cf. 124Pd 19 counts, 125Pd(cand.) 1count at GSI, 1997 PLB 415, 111 (97); total dose ~1x1012
23 New Isotopes !! Nov. 2008 run
Commissioning and Experiments in 2008 Half a year delayed due to the problem of carry-over oil contamination in the refrigerators for the SRC and BigRIPS cryogenic system November, 238U beam at 345 MeV/u and ~0.4 pnA (max.) (10 times higher than in last year) 7th-26th ZeroDegree Commissioning: detectors, optics, PID Search for New Isotopes December, 48Ca beam at 345 MeV/u and >100 pnA 5th-21st Search for Halo Nuclei In-beam gamma spectroscopy for island of inversion and beyond Four proposed-experiments are combined to form “one” collaboration Programs are managed Not proposal-by-proposal but RIB-by-RIB based to save RIB tuning time and man-powers to have the best programs according to the beam intensity
Year 2009 Plan A/Q~2 beams with Z<=8 before summer Bypass beam line to skip IRC for AVF-RRC-SRC mode SHARAQ Commissioning in March Experimental programs with polarized deuteron beams and light ion beams: 3NF, (d,3He), (p,2p) Toward more intense beams A new 18GHz ECRIS for RILAC will be installed in March, 2009 increase of the U beam by a factor of 10 Zn, Xe beam commissioning R&D efforts for charge strippers Experimental programs with Ca, Kr, Xe and U
RIBFでのエキゾチック核研究の特徴 発見性(Serendipity): 広大な未知の領域 挑戦から発見へ。 新手法の開拓 系統性(Systematics): 量から質へ モッテルソン 先生曰く、 「一つの原子核だけではダメ。 周りも調べろ。」 協同性(Synergy): 実験と理論 大量のデータが生み出す 混沌から新秩序を形成 「新しい教科書」 理研と大学・他の研究所 国際協力
Nuclear Structure Nuclear Matter Nuclear Reaction Nuclear Astrophysics
International workshop “Nuclear Physics with RIBF” March 13-17th 2006 Workshop coordination meeting 25th Feb (Sat.) 13:30 – 17:01 Participants: T. Otsuka, M. Matsuo,Y. Enyo, A. Kohama, K. Yabana, N. Aoi , H. Ueno, M. Wada, A. Ozawa, T. Motobayashi, S. Nishimura, A. Yoshimi , T. Suda, H. Sakurai 1.Exploring variations of single-particle motions 2.Novel correlations in dilute nuclear matter 3.Novel dynamics of nuclear matter 4.New collectivity beyond nuclear self-consistency 5.-1 Innovative approach to nuclear reactions -I fusion/fission, heavy ion induced reaction and associated topics 5.-2 Innovative approach to nuclear reactions -II direct reaction and associated topics
Major questions about theory programs (my personal concerns) study of interaction ?? such as Chiral perturbation theory microscopic study of nuclear structure in heavy-mass region ?? fission dynamics ?? Interplay of mean field between nuclear structure and reaction?? new version of IBM ?? high spin states in nuclei far from the stability line ?? ..... If you need computing power, you can use computers in RIKEN Computer Center. In near future, you will have chance to use Peta-flops supercomputer being built by RIKEN computer division. vector+scalar
RIBF Theory Forum To form a virtual laboratory as a driving force for theoretical works To form a theory network based on models To discuss entire strategies and directions To propose theorist-driven workshops To enhance collaborations between theorists and experimentalists as well as among theorists, to create something new 松尾、矢花、中務 延与 板垣 宇都野->本間 緒方 小野 小濱 萩野 望月 櫻井 第0回2006年8月10日 第1回2006年10月11日 第2回2006年12月6日 第3回2007年1月30日 第4回2007年5月24日拡大ワークショップ 第5回2008年4月12日
“Phase diagram” in proton- and neutron-densities Finite system r-dependence of densities ? neutron star Inner structure ?? neutron-density EOS and Temperature dependence ? Supernova Explosion ? Toward high-density Two-body forces ? Role of three-body forces and isospins? r0 T~10 MeV Fe-core collapse di-neutron N=Z at neutron-halo/skin ? In dilute-system Exotic condensation ?? deuteron condensation Matsuo at excited states? alpha condensation Shuck at excited states? r0 proton-density normal density Based on Matsuo-En’yo
中性子核物質の状態方程式 有限系から無限系への挑戦 三体力 T=3/2チャンネル? 密度依存性? 様々な理論曲線 通常核物質密度 E/A [MeV] 中性子超過剰な軽核の構造 高エネルギー散乱、崩壊 重イオン衝突( r= 2r0) 3P対相関 ペアリングギャップ? 密度依存性? r (fm-3) 1S対相関 低密度(r ~ 0.1r0) でのBEC 相? 重イオン衝突??? 非対称係数など 二中性子ハローの相関 中性子スキンの集団性 二核子移行反応 中性子スキン厚、巨大共鳴
核構造・核物質に関わる主要テーマ 有効相互作用 三体力 アイソスピン依存性 T=1/2, 3/2 密度依存性 テンソル力 陽子・中性子液滴 スキン(中性子物質)のダイナミクス De-coupling SHE領域でのクーロン力 粒子相関のアイソスピン・密度依存性 相状態 凝縮と崩壊 中性子過剰な軽核から中重核へ 低励起状態から高励起・高温高密度状態へ
RIBFと宇宙・天文分野との研究連携 核構造 不安定核の諸性質 質量、寿命、形状、 電磁気モーメントなど 爆発的宇宙・天体現象での 元素合成過程 重元素合成の現場観測 殻構造 集団性 データベース 非対称核物質の状態方程式 (EoS) 天体モデル 有効核力 核子相関 超新星爆発のメカニズム 中性子星の内部構造 中性子星衝突時の重力波 原子核モデル 核物質
RIBFでのエキゾチック核研究の特徴 発見性(Serendipity): 広大な未知の領域 挑戦から発見へ。 新手法の開拓 系統性(Systematics): 量から質へ モッテルソン 先生曰く、 「一つの原子核だけではダメ。 周りも調べろ。」 協同性(Synergy): 実験と理論 大量のデータが生み出す 混沌から新秩序を形成 「新しい教科書」 理研と大学・他の研究所 国際協力
RIBF Facility Layout Old facility Phase-II Experimental Installations 2007~2012 (plan) RIPS GARIS ~100 MeV/nucleon ~5 MeV/nucleon BigRIPS/ZeroDegree CRIB (CNS) 350-400 MeV/nucleon New facility Phase–I 2007- Accelerators + BigRIPS/ZeroDegree 350 MeV/nucleon up to U 1st beam in 2006
Phase-I programs at BigRIPS/ZeroDegree 2007~ Rare-Isotope Physics Programs Fast RI beam production to search for new isotopes Global survey to search for anomalous regions Specific programs with deuteron beams BigRIPSin-flight production of fast rare-isotope beams Ground state properties and low lying excited states via decay spectroscopy / transmission method: particle stability, T1/2, Qb, sR, Ex.(2+)... Deeply bound pionic states via (d, 3He) at 500 MeV Three-body force via pol. d+p elastic scattering at 700 MeV ZeroDegree multi-function beam line for inclusive/semi-inclusive measurements production of 3rd RI beams Collectivity and matter distribution via in-beam gamma / missing mass spectroscopy One step energy regime 200~300 A MeV B(E2), B(M1), (p,p), (p,p’), Ex....
BigRIPS /ZeroDegree Exploration into “Isospin Frontier” toward the drip-lines Reaction study fit for high energy domain 200-300A MeV BigRIPS Fragment Separator high acceptance for fission fragments pid for RI beams at the second section ZeroDegree Multi-function BT line pid for ejectiles in inclusive- and semi-exclusive measurement medium resolution (p/dp ~ 2000 – 4000) Experimental set-ups RIB production PID section
Flag ship regions at neutron-rich side 238U beam New isotopes between Z=20 to 60 Maaaany new ones !! R-process path T1/2 at A>80 New magicity at 54Ca ?? B(E2), Ex(2+), ... Magicity loss at 78Ni ?? T1/2, B(E2), Ex(2+), ... Role of p-n pairing around 132Sn ?? B(E2), Ex(2+), ... Deformation at A~110 ?? collective states 48Ca beam Neutron drip-line for F-to-Mg isotopes? Particle stability 33F, 36Ne, 39Na, 40Mg p-wave halo ? : 31Ne ... Island of inversion : deformation center at N=22? B(E2) for 30Ne, and Ex(2+) for 36Mg, etc. Possible deformation at N=28? B(E2) and Ex(2+) for 42Si, 38Mg, etc. Oxygen beyond N=16 Ground and excited states for 25, 26O
S-波ハローとp-波ハロー S? ハローの条件 価中性子 束縛エネルギー 1MeV以下 軌道角運動量 l =0 変形? p? クーロン障壁 zZe2/r e.g. 3MeV for Z=10 r=5fmz=1 遠心力ポテンシャル l(l+1)h2/2mr2 e.g. 1.6MeV for l=1 r=5fm
Flag ship regions at proton-rich side 124Xe beam 78Kr beam New isotopes, Proton-drip line ? Double magicity at 100Sn ? 2p decay rp- process
N=Z核 100Sn p-n 対相互作用 N=Z=oddの基底状態のスピン・パリティ Z<20 T=0 S=1 対 ? Z>20 T=1 S=0 対 ? Z~50 α構造 ? N=82 N=50 rp-process クーロン障壁でつくられる 共鳴状態 Wigner Energy T(T+1) -> T(T+4)
r-過程原子核の寿命測定始まる!! 寿命(半減期)->r-過程の解明に必須 78Ni β線 RIビーム RIビームを止め、止まった時間と β線が出た時間との差を測る 粒子識別 Z, A 78Niの収量比較 ミシガン州立大学 入射核破砕反応 1個/1日(2005年) 理研RIBF 核分裂反応 400個/1日(現在) 106個/1日(新入射器系の整備後) ミシガン州立大学 Z=28 N=50 寿命 寿命 質量数 陽子数 RIBFでの初測定!
Magic number, E(2+) and B(E2) 82 E(2+) [keV] 208Pb 126 50 132Sn 82 28 90Zr 50 20 68Ni 2001 28 proton number 20 82 B(E2)-1 [1/W.u.] 208Pb 126 50 132Sn 82 2001 28 90Zr 50 20 68Ni neutron number 28
New isotopes of 125, 126Pd Onishi et al., JPSJ in press. ?! Bρ: 7.438 Tm, ΔP/P=2% Isomer 96Rb 238U + Be(7mm) at 345 MeV/u 2007 MAY-JUNE Total dose: 3.6×1012
Higher excited states and higher spin statesfor exotic phenomena of collectivity? not only low lying states but also ... medium and heavy mass system neutron skins ? collectivity originated from neutrons in skin pairing ? rotation energy v.s. pairing energy cluster super-deformation ? mean field v.s. cluster formation exotic modes ? originated from two asymmetric liquids ... J, Ex population by fragmentation/fission
Exotic collectivity originated from decoupling between core and neutron-skin?? skin thickness > range of p-n interaction “Soft” Dipole Mode Decoupling between skin and core in rotation?? K. Ikeda, Nucl. Phys. A538 (1992)355 “Soft” Scissors Mode D.D.Warner, P.Van Isacker, PLB395 (1997)145 wc = wskin? Any other exotic ???
Phase-II construction 2007-2012 To maximize the potentials of intense RI beams available at RIBF http://rarfaxp.riken.go.jp/RIBF-TAC05/ SCRIT - e-RI collision Wakasugi, Suda et al. SAMURAI - large acceptance Kobayashi et al. Rare RI Ring – mass Ozawa et al. SHARAQ - high resolution Shimoura et al. SLOWRI- slow beams Wada et al. RI Spin Lab. at RIPS –pol. RI beam Ueno et al.
未知のエキゾチック核の諸性質を網羅的かつ系統的に測定未知のエキゾチック核の諸性質を網羅的かつ系統的に測定 「数100~1000種の...」 稀少RIリング ゼロ度スペクトロメータ 質量 寿命 励起準位 変形度(形状) 陽子半径 物質半径 陽子密度分布 物質密度分布 電磁気モーメント 単粒子軌道 天体核反応 巨大共鳴状態 新共鳴状態探索 中心衝突反応 平成19年度完成 超低速RIビーム生成装置 偏極RIビーム生成装置 多種粒子測定装置 RI・電子散乱装置 分散整合ビームライン+SHARAQ 東大理・CNS 平成20年度完成 平成23年度完成
SHARAQ Spectrometer Sakai et al 2009- External investment by CNS, Univ. of Tokyo High resolution spectrometer for fast RI beams p/Dp ~ 15,000, Dq<1mrad, Br=6.8Tm Dispersion matching technique RI beam as new probe to control Dq, DS, DT Missing mass spectroscopy with standard kinematics Spin-isospin response probed by fast RI beams : transparent at 300A MeV Double charge exchange : double GTR, IVSMR Multi-neutron system, etc.
SAMURAI SpectrometerKobayashi et al 2011- versatile spectrometer with a large superconducting magnet a large acceptance exclusive measurements neutron measurements 80cm gap, BL~ 7Tm, Bmax=3T PID limited to A~100 Invariant/missing mass spectroscopy giant resonances single particle states via (p,2p) etc EOS in asymmetric nuclear matter : SAMURAI-TPC Particle correlations in a few-body system 3NF Coulomb breakup for radiative capture c.s. (p,g), (n,g)
Phase-II programs (installations 2007-2012) [2] Unique facilities SLOWRI Wada et al. 2009- production of high-purity and slow RI beam with an rf-ion guide system Table-top experiments: Mass spectroscopy (10-5) via MR-TOF system co-linear laser spectroscopy, trap... Rare RI ring Ozawa et al. isochronous storage ring designed for c.w. beams precise mass measurement (10-6) via individual injection/extraction by trigger kickers particle by particle at <1Hz pid at injection/extraction Shell evolution and pairing correlation SCRIT Wakasugi et al. Self-confining Radioactive Ion Target system realized in an electron-ring for e-RI collisions Charge form factor measurement L>1026 /cm2/s for 132Sn for 1 week ->105 pps injection Feasibility check at KSR, Kyoto-Univ. rf-ion guide isochronous ring Scattered electron SCRIT ebeam RIs trapped by the electron beam
朝日新聞 平成20年5月9日(金) 不安定原子核の陽子分布を 精密測定する心臓部の開発に 世界で初めて成功
短寿命エキゾチック核の質量測定から魔法数の異常を発見!短寿命エキゾチック核の質量測定から魔法数の異常を発見! 1個/1日よりも少ない統計量で質量を精度よく測定 魔法数(殻ギャップ)の測定 天体核反応の発熱量 Q a+A⇔b+B +Q 対相互作用の大きさの測定 中性子殻ギャップ 稀少RIリング 陽子数 陽子殻ギャップ 中性子数 GSI方式 パルス化した不安定核ビームを 蓄積リングに打ち込む バケツリレー方式 粒子を識別できない。 理研方式 連続した不安定核ビームを 稀少RIリングに打ち込む 水道管方式粒子を識別し、 1個ずつリングに入れ質量を測る。 ビームの有効利用。 陽子数 中性子数 2003年までのデータを利用して作成 21
Budget Status and Construction Plan Approved in FY08 Operation for 5months Facility Construction SAMURAI (15M$ for FY08-11 magnet, detectors SHARAQ (high resolution) BT line (2M$ for FY08) Requested for FY09 Operation budget More than 6 months Construction budget for SCRIT (e-RI) a new injector linac FY10 and later RI-ring, SLOWRI, IRC-RIPS BT SCRIT ZeroDegree SAMURAI SLOWRI RI-ring SHARAQ IRC->RIPS BT