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Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder

Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. Rena Petersen. What is Depression?.

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Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder

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  1. Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder Rena Petersen

  2. What is Depression? • Depression is a disorder that affects a person’s ability to eat, sleep, feel pleasure, and function in everyday life. The affected feel an overwhelming sadness most of the time. Depression affects the body and mind.

  3. People that suffer from depression have been proven to have less gray matter and weaker connections in the brain. Depression and the Brain

  4. What is Bipolar Disorder? • A mental illness also known as manic-depressive disorder. Characterized by severe high and low mood changes. Manic episodes and depressive episodes can last for hours, months, or even years. Different types of bipolar disorder are characterized by how long a manic episode may last.

  5. Bipolar Disorder and the Brain

  6. A manic episode can include feeling euphoric, talkative, powerful, reckless, energetic, irritation, anger, and confusion. Manic Episodes

  7. Depressive Episodes • Being depressed can make you feel worthless and you may have no energy, not be able to feel pleasure, and have sleeping problems.

  8. Manic-Depressive Episodes

  9. What is Schizophrenia? • A mental illness that usually consumes the sufferer to the point where they can no longer function in society without treatment. Some symptoms include: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and catatonic behavior.

  10. Schizophrenia and the Brain

  11. There are receptor sites for the chemical messengers in our brains. Serotonin is the chemical messenger linked to depression. Depression is caused by a deficiency of serotonin and its receptor sites. Causes

  12. Someone with a family history of mental illnesses would be more susceptible to develop bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression. Causes

  13. The 22nd chromosome has been a proven link between Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, and Depression. Chromosomal Causes

  14. Major Depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults, or about 6.7% of the U.S. population that are 18 or older in a year. Major Depression is more prevalent in women than in men. The median onset age of major depression is 35. Depression Statistics

  15. Affects approximately 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 or older in a given year. The median onset age of Bipolar disorder for American adults in 25. Bipolar Disorder Statistics

  16. Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Americans: Approximately 2.2 million adults. Estimated 1.3% of adults. Approximately 1 in 123 American adults suffer from Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Statistics

  17. Treatments • While there is no cure for depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia medication and therapy have proven to be the most effective in managing the symptoms.

  18. Medications help keep the symptoms of Depression manageable. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) have proven to be very helpful. SSRI’s target the receptor sites in the brain helping the serotonin deficiency. Treating Depression

  19. Antidepressants and mood stabilizers are used for treating bipolar disorder. Some common medications used are Lithium, Tegrotol, and Seroquel Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

  20. Antipsychotic medications have proven to be the most helpful in treating Schizophrenia. Some medications that are most commonly used for schizophrenia are: Seroquel, Haldol, Clozaril, and Zyprexa. Treating Schizophrenia

  21. Bibliography • BBC News. “SSRI’s” Photo. 10 Oct 2004. bbc.co.uk 16 April 2006. <newsimg.bbc.co.uk/.../ jpg/_40096280_drug203.jpg> • “Biological Clocks and Bipolar Disorder” Image. PsychoEducation.org. 16 April 2006. <www.psycheducation.org/ depression/clock.6.gif> • “Bipolar Disorder: What is Bipolar Disorder?” WebMD. March 2005. 21 March 2006. <http://www.webmd.com/content/article/102/106771.htm> • Braininspect.com “bipolaractive85percent” Image. Brain Spect Imaging, Inc. 16 April 2006. <braininspect.com/.../ bipolaractive85percent.jpg> • “Decoding Mental Illness” Science. 302:5653 (19 Dec 2003) 2039. Academic Abstract. College of the Sequoias Library. 28 Feb 2006. • “Depression” 17 Feb 2006 National Institute of Mental Health. 21 March 2006. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm#intro • “Depression Gene May Weaken Mood-regulating Circuit.” Nation Institute Of Mental Health. 10 May 2005. 16 April 2006. www.biopsychiatry.com/ serotonin/brain-scan.jpg • “Family” national Statistics. Graphic. 16 April 2006 <www.statistics.gov.uk/.../ images/families.gif>

  22. Find The Light. “Bain Chemistry Basics.” Illustration. 25 Feb 2006. Find The Light. Find The Light. 15 March 2006. www.findthelight.net/ images/serotonin.jpg • Genome News Network. “Chromosome 22” Image. 16 April 2006. <www.genomenewsnetwork.org/.../ Bipolar1.gif> • Global Friends of Scotland. “Tracking Mental Illness Head On” Image. July 2003. 16 April 2006. <www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/.../ psychiatry.jpg> • Grohol, John M. “Medications for Schizophrenia” Psych Central. 13 Feb 2006. 16 April 2006. http://psychcentral.com/library/schizo_medsintro.htm • “Lithium” Photo. Coping with HIV. 16 April 2006. <mindprod.com/ images/lithium.jpg> • “Medication for Bipolar Disorder” Psychology Information Online. 2002. 16 April 2006. http://www.psychologyinfo.com/depression/meds-bipolar.htm Nation Institute Of Mental Health. “Depression Gene May Weaken Mood-regulating Circuit” Image. National Institute of Mental Health. 16 April 2006. <www.biopsychiatry.com/ serotonin/brain-scan.jpg>

  23. “Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)” HealthyPlace.com. 2006. 16 April 2006. http://www.healthyplace.com/communities/depression/treatment/antidepressants/ssri.asp • “Seroquel” Photo. Seroquel (quetiapin). 16 April 2006 <www.astrazeneca.no/.../ Seroquel-to-liten.jpg> • ”Signs and Symptoms” Schizophrenia Fellowship. 16 March 2006. <http://www.sfnsw.org.au/schizophrenia/symptoms.htm> • “Statistics by Country for Schizophrenia” 1 July 2003. Wrong Diagnosis. 16 March 2006. <http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/s/schizophrenia/stats-country.htm> • “The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America” 17 Feb 2006. National Institute of Mental Health. 16 March 2006. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers.cfm# • The Treatment Advocacy Center. “Schizophrenia in Identical Twins” Image. 16 April 2006. <www.psychlaws.org/images/ schizophrenia_graphi...> • Winstead, Edward R. “Region of Chromosome 22 linked to bipolar disorder, again.” Genome News Network. 2 Feb 2001. 16 April 2006. <http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/02_01/Bipolar_disorder.shtml>

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