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PENULISAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

PENULISAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH. By: Nursalam Ketua Redaksi Jurnal Ners Reviewer IWCJ. MENGAPA PERLU JURNAL KEPER A WATAN ?. PERLU BERUBAH. People don’t change when you tell them there is a better option. They change when they conclude they have no other option.

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PENULISAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

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  1. PENULISAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH By: Nursalam Ketua Redaksi Jurnal Ners Reviewer IWCJ

  2. MENGAPA PERLU JURNAL KEPERAWATAN ?

  3. PERLU BERUBAH People don’t change when you tell them there is a better option. They change when they conclude they have no other option

  4. A knowledge base is necessary for the recognition of nursing as a science by health professionals, consumers, and societySo... perlu JURNAL sbg API (AKTUALISASI PRODUKTIFITAS INOVASI) (Burns & Grove, 2001; Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2005)

  5. APA MASALAHNYA ? The greatest difficulty in the world is not for people to accept new ideas, but to make them forget about old ideas” KUALITAS KTI YANG RENDAH John Maynard Keynes

  6. BAGAIMANA NASKAH / ARTIKEL KEP YG SESUAI ?

  7. AREA ARTIKEL JURNAL KEPERAWATAN • ANAK • MATERNITAS • MEDIKAL BEDAH • JIWA • KOMUNITAS & KELUARGA • GERONTIK • MANAJEMEN DAN PENDIDIKAN nursalam-MASALAH

  8. A GOOD ARTICLE? • ORIGINALITY • NOVELTY • CONTRIBUTION ON THEORY AND PRACTICE • TRENDS / PREVALENCY

  9. 1. SEARCHING OF RESEARCH PROBLEM ---- Phenomena MALNUTRITION ?

  10. 1. TOPIK ALUR PENELUSURAN MASALAH(HAL-46) KEL. ILMU: ANAK, MATERNITAS, DLL IDE Keterlambatan KALA I 2. SELEKSI KASUS: Natal (BUMIL – PRENATAL), DM, PJK, DLL BRAINSTROMING Faktor yg menyebabkan Keterlambatan? 3. MASALAH KEB: NANDA / GORDON (F1-F2) KEPUSTAKAAN Faktor: 5p, yg dominan adalah psyche: pendampingan suami - belum diteliti F-I-N-E-R F – iseable I – ntersting N –ovelty (kebaruan) E –thic R –elevance (dengan ilmu) VARIABEL 5P (power, passage, passanger, psychological, provider ...) Kecemasan, kekuatan mengejan, usia, paritas, dukungan kel (yg menunggui), waktu MRS, stress dll KERANGKA KONSEP 4. RUMUSAN MASALAH (Q-S-S) Apakah ada Pengaruh pendampingan suami terhadap percepatan pembukaan KALA I pada ibu inpartu? 5. TUJUAN (BLOOM + Tuj. + (V-V) ……. Menjelaskan Pengaruh Pendampingan suami thd percepatan KALA I pada ibu inpartu nursalam-MASALAH

  11. AREA / TOPIK PENELITIAN • KMB • ANAK • MATERNITAS • JIWA • KOMUNITAS DAN KELUARGA • GERONTIK • MANAJEMEN DAN DASAR nursalam-MASALAH

  12. AREA / TOPIKPENELITIAN • PRE NATAL • INC • PNC • ASKEB RISTI BUMIL • BBLR • GANGGUAN REPRODUKSI • KONTRASEPSI nursalam-MASALAH

  13. CONTOH ..... PENGGALIAN MASALAH PENELITIAN KEP MATERNITAS KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Anamnesa ibu hamil Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Senam Hamil Penyuluhan pada Ibu Hamil Leopold-I Leopold-I Leopold-I

  14. Lanjutan ....... KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Pengkajian Kala-I Pengkajian Kala-II Pengkajian Kala-III Pengkajian Kala-IV Tanda Persalinan Kemajuan buka cervix Perubahan Fisik Perubahan Psikologis Perawatan Plasenta Perawatan Perdarahan Abs. Perdarahan Bounding Attachment Manajemen nyeri Persiapan persalinan Pimpinan persalinan Penghitungan skore Apgar

  15. Lanjutan ....... KEPERAWATAN MATERNITASI Askep Ibu Prenatal Askep Ibu Intranatal Askep Ibu Postnatal Askep pada BBLR Askep Ibu Resiko Tinggi Kehamilan Askep dgn ggn reproduksi Askep pd Ibu Akseptor KB Pengkajian Diagnosa intervensi Implementasi Evaluasi Tanda Vital Involutio Laktasi Luka perinium Higiene Vulva Breast care Mobilisasi Diet Ibu menyusui Manajemen laktasi Senam kala nifas

  16. SPIDER WEB ? ? Senam hamil status gizi ? ? Lain ? Dukungan keulaurga Power: Nutrisi ? stress Psychological Passage ? INPARTU Passanger Provider ? ? ? ? ? ? ? In Partu (Kala 1)

  17. SPIDER WEB ? ? Pijat oxytocin Senam nifas ? ? Lain ? Dukungan keulaurga Involusi Uteri ? stress Post Partum Blue Luka perineum ? POST PARTUM Produksi ASI Merawat bayi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? In Partu (Kala 1)

  18. SPIDER WEB ? ? ? Treatment ? ? Schedule ? Activity : type (DM excercise, walking, etc) Diabetic wound Type ? Ammount Blood glucose Incomplient of diet & treatment ? Central Theme Blood glucose DM Stress / Give up ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DIABETES MELLITUS

  19. SPIDER WEB Hospital don’t know what px-expect Over Operating theater Wards All Patients Nocase conference Patient Safety Nobody takes any interest No nametag Nurse In appropriate accomodation The Problems Scope of Poor Relationship with health team GP. Not performed Nurse don’t do Properly Effect on Patient Never H.E-when Pt.discharge PATIENT SATISFACTION Research service Poor Relationship With Community Service not important Different trust Hospital Policy not research based Noresponse on complain Nurses don’t believe Research result Nurse don’t do research Argument over finding No programme to visit Community TOPIC / PROBLEM: PATIENT SATISFACTION

  20. 2. WRITECHAPTERLITERATURE REVIEW • THEORITICAL REVIEW (USE OF NURSING THEORIES & OTHER RELEVANT THEORY) • THEORITICAL MAPPING (RESEARCH ORIGINALITY) nursalam-MASALAH

  21. KAJIAN MASALAH – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE • Research should be built on the work of others • The “Literature” is all the written sources relevant to your topic • Primary source • Written by the person who originated , or is responsible for generating, the ideas published • Secondary source • Summarizes or quotes content from primary sources • Paraphrase the works of primary authors • Meta-analysis or systematic reviews • Your work should mostly contain primary sources. Citations should be of primary sources not secondary sources • Generally, try to keep cited references to within 5 years (Burns & Grove, 2001; Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2005)

  22. KAJIAN MASALAH EMPIRIS& TEORITIS F- 1 • Sekitar 15 – 20% anak usia 5 – 6 tahun mengalami enuresis dan kebanyakan dari mereka adalah laki-laki (Norby, 2005). • Prevalensi enuresis pada usia 5 tahun adalah 7% untuk laki-laki dan 3% untuk anak perempuan (Houts, 1991) • Dampak secara sosial dan kejiawaan yang ditimbulkan akibat enuresis sungguh mengganggu kehidupan seorang anak (Harjaningrum, 2005). • Teori Functional bladder capacity mengatatakan bahwa anak dengan enuresis memiliki kapasitas fungsional kandung kemih yang lebih kecil dibanding anak yang tidak mengalami enuresis(Whale & Wong,1999). F-2 1. Bladder-retention training biasanya dilakukan pada anak dengan kapasitas fungsional kandung kemih yang kecil (Harjaningrum,2005). 2. Pada beberapa anak dengan kapasitas fungsional kandung kemih yangkecil, penggunaan pembelajaran Bladder-retention training selama beberapa hari dapat membantu meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional kandung kemih pada malam hari (Marc Cendron,1999). 3. ............ Masalah Pengaruh pembelajaran Bladder-retention training terhadap kemampuan dan frekwensi enuresis pada anak pra sekolah (3 – 6 tahun) belum dapat dijelaskan. nursalam-MASALAH

  23. nursalam-MASALAH

  24. nursalam-MASALAH

  25. nursalam-MASALAH

  26. nursalam-MASALAH

  27. VARIABEL & DEF.OPERASIONAL(CiriKhas Dari Suatu Benda / Seseorang, ShgDikenali) nursalam-MASALAH

  28. Variabel • Inpenden: v. nilainyamenentukan/ mempengaruhi v. lain • Dependen: v. nilainyaditentukan v. lain • Moderator: v. yang bisaberposisisbg. VIdan v. D • Perancu (confounding): v. yang nilainyaikutmenentukan v. D (langsung / tidak) • Kontrol(kendali): v. ygnilainyadikendalikan • Random: v. tanpadiduga – berperandlm. penelitian nursalam-MASALAH

  29. V A R I A B E L V. Perancu : KEADAAN PATOLOGIS V. Independen V. Dependen SENAM HAMIL KALA I Moderator V. Luar V. Pengontrol 5P POWER PASSAGE PASSANGER PSYCHE PENOLONG / PERALARTAN PARITAS nursalam-MASALAH

  30. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL nursalam-MASALAH

  31. PRINSIP PENULISAN D.O • Definisi hrs. dapat dibolak-balikan dgn. Hal yg didefinisikan (luas keduanya sama) • Tidak boleh negatif (kepuasan adalah tidak senang) • Tidak boleh masuk dalam definisi (kepuasan adalah puas terhadap…) • Tidak boleh bahasa yg kabur (ambigious): kepuasan adalah rasa bathin ….. nursalam-MASALAH

  32. Penjabaran Variabel GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PASIENHIV/AIDS Variabel: tingkatpengetahuan HIV/AIDS Sub Variabel/ Parameter: • Defenisi • Tandadangejala • Cara penularan • Cara perawatan • Prognosis RESPONS IMUNITAS PASIEN HIV Variabel: imunitas Parameter: Cd4, Il-2, IF,gama nursalam-MASALAH

  33. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL (D.O) • D.O & Parameter • Definisi: pemahaman • Parameter • Definisi • Tanda & gejala • Cara penularan • Cara perawatan • Pembukaan • Kekuatan • Mengejan • - Alat Ukur Kuesener observ- asi (partograph) SKALA Ordinal inter- Val Variabel 1. Pengetahuan 2.KALA I SKOR baik Cukup kurang ….. Jam nursalam-MASALAH

  34. 3. DEVELOP A1. FRAMEWORK (QUANTITATIVE)2. RESEARCH QUESTION (QUALITATIVE) nursalam-MASALAH

  35. What is the link between nursing theory and the research process? • Theory provides direction for nursing research • Relationships of components in a theory help to drive the research questions for understanding nursing • Chinn and Kramer (2004), indicate a spiral relationship between the two

  36. Nursing also utilizes non-nursing theories

  37. KERANGKA KONSEPTUALBERDASARKAN TEORI / MODEL KEPERAWATAN DAN TEORI LAIN YG RELEVAN PRINSIP – K. KONSEPTUAL • Berdasarkan – (teori – konsep) • Hubunganantarvariabel • Gambar: Arahgaris (Kirikekananatauataskebawah) (eksperimen); Garisditeliti(Hubungan) Yang diukurTidakdiukur nursalam-MASALAH

  38. LANGKAH • TETAPKAN KONSEP / TEORI YG AKAN DIGUNAKAN • MASALAH (DIAMBIL DARI –KASUS &/ MASALAH PENELITIAN) • HUB ANTAR VARIABEL nursalam-MASALAH

  39. PENGEMBANGAN KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL • ROY: ADAPTATION MODEL & PNI 2. OREM: SELF CARE 3. CARING 4. KINGS: OPEN SYSTEM MODEL 5. TRANSCULTURAL / SUNRISE MODEL 6. MERCER, R.T (Maternal Role Attainment – BECOMING MOTHER) 7. SERVEQUAL DLL nursalam-MASALAH

  40. 1. Adaptation Model Input Control processes Effectors Output Coping mechanisms Regulator Cognator Physiological function Self-concept Role function Interdependence Stimuli Adaptation level Adaptive and ineffective response Feedback Person as adaptive system. (From Roy, C. [1984]. Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model [2nd ed., p. 30]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.)

  41. PNI Psychosocial FunctioningQuality of LifePhysical Health HEALTH Psychosocial Moderators Potential Co-Factors Neuro- Endocrine Mediators Person Factors Immunological Mediators Coping Patterns Perceived Stress Pre tx: Critical Factors

  42. PNI (Thorton & Andersen, 2006)

  43. FRAMEWORK (p.403– ADAPTATION & PNI) Counseling for patient with Stress – pre op Learning process (cognator) Perception (+) Coping (+) Cognition - Emotion Stress A D A P T A T I O N Hypotalamus (CRF) H P A Adrenal medulla (Catecolamines Pituitary (ACTH) - endorphin Adrenal Cortex (Cortisol) Vital signs (T, P, R, PB) AXIS IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION (CD4; cytokin; IgG) nursalam-MASALAH

  44. 2. SELF CARE (OREM Self-care R R Conditioning factors Conditioning factors Self-care capabilities (self-care agency) Therapeutic self-care demand R < Deficit Conditioning factors R R Nursing Agency (supportive Educative) FIG. OREM – SELF CARE DEFICIT

  45. 3.CARINGThe Structure of Caring Maintaining belief Being with ( ) Knowing Doing for Enabling Client well-being Informed understanding of the clinical condition (in general) and the situation and client (in specific) Message conveyed to client Therapeutic actions Intended outcome The structure of caring as linked to the nurse’s philosophical attitude, informed understandings, message conveyed, therapeutic actions, and intended outcome. (from Swanson, K. M. [1993].Nursing as informed caring for well-being of others. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25 [4], 352-357.) Philosoohical attitudes towards persons (in general) and the designated client (in specific)

  46. 4. Human Interaction for Goal Attainment (King) FEEDBACK PERCEPTION NURSE JUDGMENT ACTION REAC TION INTERAC TION TRANSACTION ACTION PATIENT JUDGMENT PERCEPTION FEEDBACK

  47. 5. SUNRISE (LEININGER) CULTURE CARE WORLD VIEW CULTURAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIMENSIONS Cultural values and lifeways Kinship and social factors Political and legal factors Economic factors Religious and philosophical factors Educational factors TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Influences care patterns and expressions Health (well being) Of Individuals, families, group and institutions Diverse health systems Nursing Nursing care decisions and actions cultural care preservation/ maintenance cultural care accommodation/ negotiation cultural care repatterning/ restructuring Culture congruent care Diverse health systems Professional system

  48. Society at large Community Family and friends Father or intimate partner Mother a b Infant a c b d c d 6. BECOMING A MOTHER: A revised model. (From R. T. Mercer, 2008)

  49. Word of mouth Personal needs Past experience • Service Quality • Dimensions: • (RATER) • Reliability • Assurance • Tangibles • Empathy • Responsiveness Expected service Service Quality Assessment 1. Expectations exceeded ES<PS (Quality surprise) 2. Expectations met ES~PS (Satisfactory quality) 3. Expectations not met ES>PS (Unacceptable quality) Perceived service 7. SERVEQUALPERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITYFOR PATIENT WITH “JAMKESMAS”(Parasuraman)

  50. HYPOTHESIS (JIKA ADA!) • Hipo = rendah • Thesis = Pernyataan H1 (Pernyataan / jawaban sementara terhadap masalah penelitian). Hipotesis adalah pernyataan bukan kalimat Perlu pembuktian ---- penelitian (empiris) nursalam-MASALAH

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