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Lesson 3

Lesson 3. TAXONOMY: THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION. RECAP TIME BIO FACTS. Competencies 1. Identify, review the concepts of Basic Concept of Taxonomy 2. Identify the characteristics and examples of 5 Kingdom Approach. Activity (10 mins) Guide Questions:

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Lesson 3

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  1. Lesson 3 TAXONOMY: THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION

  2. RECAP TIMEBIO FACTS

  3. Competencies1. Identify, review the concepts of Basic Concept of Taxonomy2. Identify the characteristics and examples of 5 Kingdom Approach

  4. Activity (10 mins) Guide Questions: 1. What do you think are the bases of classifying organisms? 2. How do you think did taxonomist classify animals?

  5. Historical Background: 1. Aristotelian System of Classification - he grouped the plant into 3: tree, shrub and herbs - animals into: land, water and air dwellers

  6. Theosphrastus of Ephesus – 7th Century – • - system of classification based on uses/functionality.

  7. 3. Artificial or Linnean System of Classification – based on superficial characteristics.

  8. Natural System of Classification • – True affinities or similarities of species. • Binomial Nomenclature – two naming system • Based on Five Kingdom Approaches: • Kingdom Monera • – Bacteria - Prokaryotic • 2. Kingdom Protista • – Animal- Plant-Like –Eukaryotic • 3. Kingdom Plantae • – contains chlorophyll – Eukaryotic • 4. Kingdom Animalia • – Eukaryotic • 5. Kingdom Fungi • -Multinucleate plant-like • organism • - Eukaryotic

  9. 5. Phylogenetic System of Classification – latest and widely accepted system of classification – based on genetic relationship of organisms. Based on two groups: A. Monerans – Archae and Eubacteria

  10. Archae – • anaerobic – early earth – recycling components • Examples: halophiles, methanogenes and thermophiles. • Eubacteria – • modern day bacteria- disease causing and beneficial used in fermentation. • - Examples: spirochetes, Gram positive, proteobacteria, cyanobacteria, chlamydias

  11. B. Eukarya – - Eukaryotic groups: plants, fungi, protist, animals

  12. Natural System of Classification or Systema Naturae Divided the organisms into groupings: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  13. Binomial Nomenclature or scientific name: advantage and disadvantage?

  14. Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic - no nuclear membrane -with nuclear membrane - Genetic materials are naked - enclosed - ribosomes attached to Plasma - attached to rough ER membrane - enzymes are attached to Plasma - attached to mitochondria membrane

  15. The Five Kingdom Approach: • A.KingdomMonera • – organisms with prokaryotic cells, unicellular either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic, no nuclear membrane. • Division Schizophyta • – true bacteria • 2. Division Cyanophyta– blue-green algae

  16. B.Kingdom Protista – • organisms with eukaryotic cells, true sexual processes with nuclear fusion. • - Unicellular with diverse nutritional methods including photosynthesis, absorption and ingestion. • 1. Division Euglenophyta – Flagellates

  17. DiviisonPyrrophyta • – Fire plants or dinoflagellates • Division Chrysophyta • – Golden Brown Algae

  18. Division Xanthophyta • – Yellow Green Algae • Division Protozoa • – Single–celled organism

  19. C.Kingdom Plantae – organisms with multicellular bodies, cell-walled and frequently vacuolated, with photosynthetic pigments in plastid. Reproduction primarily asexual. • Division Chlorophyta • – Green Algae • 2. Division Rhodophyta • – Red Algae

  20. 6. Division Psilophyta – Psilophytes 7. Division Anthophyta – Flowering plants 8. Division Cycadophyta – Cycads

  21. 3. Division Phaeophyta – Brown Algae 4. Division Bryophyta – Bryophytes – moss 5. Division Lycopodophyta – Club mosses

  22. 9. Division Tracheophyta • –vascular plants • 10.Division Arthrophyta • – horsetails • 11.Division Coniferophyta • –Conifer • Division Pterophyta • – Ferns

  23. D. Kingdom Animalia –organism with eukaryotic nuclei, multicellular body, no cell wall and no plastid. Nutrition is by ingestion. Reproduction primarily sexual. • Division Porifera • – sponges- pore bearing animals • 2. Division Cnidaria/Coelenterata • – Hollow bodied or nettle animals

  24. 3. Division Ctenophora – comb jellies 4. Division Platyhelminthes – Flatworms 5. Division Nematoda or Nemahelminthes – round worms

  25. 6. Division Annelida – segmented worms 7. Division Mollusca – Mollusks 8. Division Echinodermata – spiny-skinned animals

  26. 9. Division Arthropoda – Joint- legged animals 10.Division Hemichordata – Tongue worms or acorn worms 11.Division Chordata – Chordates

  27. E. Kingdom Fungi – multinucleate plantlike organism lacking photosynthetic pigment. Nutrition is through absorption. • Division Myxomycophyta • – slime molds • 2. Division Eumycophyta • – True Fungi

  28. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  29. ApplicationTemplate 3: Sketch 1 representative per division based on the 5 Kingdoms

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