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Perspective!!!

Learn the fundamentals of perspective, including the importance of studying perspective in pictures, its impact on picture and spatial perception, and the ART theory. Explore experiments and theories related to observer position, eye-height, and object orientation.

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Perspective!!!

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  1. Perspective!!! Igor Juricevic & John M. Kennedy

  2. Outline • Basics of perspective • What is perspective? • Why study perspective? • Why study perspective pictures? • Experiments 1-4 • The ART theory • Is the ART theory general across observer position? • Is the ART theory general across eye-height? • Is the ART theory general across object orientation?

  3. What is perspective? • Leonardo • Perspective is nothing else than seeing a place or objects behind a plane of glass, quite transparent, on the surface of which the objects behind the glass are to be drawn.

  4. What is perspective? from Taylor (1719)

  5. What is perspective?

  6. Why study perspective? • Perspective is the basic geometry of the visual system • Determines the information available to the visual system

  7. Why study perspective pictures? • Reason 1: explain picture perception • Since the Renaissance… paradoxes concerning picture perception have plagued the consciousness of mankind • Explanations by: • Leonardo da Vinci • Albert Einstein • other guys… • have all FAILED!!!

  8. Reason 1: explain picture perception

  9. Reason 1: explain picture perception

  10. Reason 1: explain picture perception

  11. Reason 1: explain picture perception

  12. Why study perspective pictures? • Reason 1: explain picture perception • Reason 2: explain spatial perception

  13. Reason 2: explain spatial perception • The assumption • There is nothing special about picture perception • Picture Perception = Everyday Perception • So, a theory that can account for picture perception will account for everyday perception as well • But… • Why not just study Everyday Perception?

  14. Reason 2: explain spatial perception • Why not just study everyday perception? • Newtonian Physics vs. Einstein’s Physics

  15. Reason 2: explain spatial perception • Why not just study everyday perception? • Everyday perception will give you a “Newtonian Physics” theory of vision • Picture perception may give you an “Einstein’s Physics” theory of vision • Why? Because you can put people in novel situations • i.e., you can have the observer at the wrong vantage point

  16. The ART theory

  17. Experiment 1

  18. Experiment 1

  19. Experiment 1

  20. Experiment 1

  21. Experiment 1

  22. Experiment 1

  23. Experiment 1

  24. Observer is: JUST RIGHT Experiment 1 Observer is: TOO FAR Observer is: TOO CLOSE

  25. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR

  26. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR

  27. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR

  28. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: JUST RIGHT

  29. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE

  30. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE

  31. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE

  32. The ART theory • The “Angles and Ratios Together” theory • Angles • “Angle from the Normal” • Ratios • Visual Angle ratios • Together • Together

  33. D C A B O The ART theory

  34. The ART theory: Angle from the Normal D C A B O

  35. The ART theory: Visual Angle Ratio (Side/Bottom) D C A B O

  36. The ART theory The “ART Theory Ranges”

  37. The ART theory • Able to account for Experiment 1… • Can it generalize to other situations? • Like…

  38. The ART theory • Changes in observer position?

  39. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  40. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  41. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  42. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  43. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  44. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  45. Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)

  46. The ART theory • Changes in observer position? YES

  47. The ART theory • Changes in eye-height?

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