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Conceptualizing Forest Certification as a Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) Governance System

Conceptualizing Forest Certification as a Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) Governance System. Ben Cashore Chair, Program on Forest Certification Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Instrument Choices in Global Democracies September 27, 2002. Three Research Challenges.

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Conceptualizing Forest Certification as a Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) Governance System

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  1. Conceptualizing Forest Certification as a Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) Governance System Ben Cashore Chair, Program on Forest Certification Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Instrument Choices in Global Democracies September 27, 2002

  2. Three Research Challenges • Conceptualize this new policy instrument/governance system • Develop an analytical framework for conducting research • Explain differences across jurisdictions/regions

  3. Four Key Characteristics of Forest Certification as NSMD Governance

  4. Why NSMD Important • Could challenge traditional state sovereignty • Restructure power relations • Emerging in other sectors as well – coffee, food, mining, tourism • Competing Programs– different implications for structure of governance and SFM rules • FSC – where environmental and social groups have a key role in creating rules – strict regulations • SFI, CSA, Tree Farm – where forest companies and/ or landowners relatively greater role in rule creation – flexible regulations

  5. Why NSMD Important cont. • Legitimacy (support) has to be granted

  6. Forest Certification Programs and Legitimacy Legitimacy Achievement Strategies Certification Program (Governance System) Convert Conform Select Types of Legitimacy Cognitive Pragmatic Moral Most Durable Least Durable? Environmental Groups Forest companies Private Forest Land owners Lumber Dealers/ Retailers Consumers

  7. Table I.0: General Patterns of Forest Company and Landowner Support for FSC BC (Canada) United States United Kingdom Germany Sweden Initially None None None None Industrial Support After Legitimacy Achievement Strategies Widespread pragmatic support None Moderate Weak Split: Industrial strong, private landowner none Why Legitimacy is Important

  8. Why Legitimacy is Important • Uneven support for more stringent environmental group supported NSMD governance systems • Need to understand conditions under which “legitimacy achievement” and use of “converting” strategies is most effective • Not just a question of NSMD governance but who gets to create the rules. • NSMD governance systems’ moral legitimacy granting “core audience” may limit legitimacy achievement strategies. • Legitimacy provides glimpse into how durable these systems might be

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