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Java basics – part 2

This text discusses the topics covered in the second part of the Java Basics course, including types, precedence, casting, class methods, and programming assignments. It also introduces a new lab on the DisplayForecast.java program.

dustymorgan
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Java basics – part 2

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  1. Java basics – part 2

  2. Where are we • Last week • Java basics • Simple output program • Started programs as calculators • Codelab • Lab procedures • This week • Types, precedence, casting • Class methods • Assign programming assignment to compute windchill • Discuss new lab

  3. DisplayForecast.java // Authors: J. P. Cohoon and J. W. Davidson // Purpose: display a quotation in a console window public class DisplayForecast { // method main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.print("I think there is a world market for"); System.out.println(" maybe five computers."); System.out.println(" Thomas Watson, IBM, 1943."); } }

  4. Quick survey • Program DisplayForecast.java makes sense to me • Pretty much • With a little review, I’ll have it down • Not really • I’m so lost • I have done the readings • True • False

  5. Where are we • Last week • Java basics • Simple output program • Started programs as calculators • Codelab • Lab procedures • This week • Types, precedence, casting • Class methods • Assign programming assignment to compute windchill • Discuss new lab

  6. CS has made it to prime time • A key computer science question • Does P = NP? • What is P • Problems solvable in polynomial time • What is NP • Problems whose solutionscan be checked in polynomialtime

  7. Question from last class • How do we display a quotation • Answer use escape sequences • Example System.out.println( “The mysterious stranger said \“Hello\"“ ). • Produces The mysterious stranger said “Hello"

  8. Escape sequences • Java provides escape sequences for printing special characters • \b backspace • \n newline • \t tab • \r carriage return • \\ backslash • \" double quote • \' single quote

  9. BMI.java outline // Purpose: Compute BMI for given weight and height public class BMI { // main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants // set up person's characteristics // convert to metric equivalents // perform bmi calculation // display result } }

  10. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  11. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  12. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  13. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  14. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  15. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  16. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  17. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight /(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  18. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight /(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  19. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight /(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); }

  20. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); } Operator evaluation depend upon its operands

  21. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); } Operator evaluation depend upon its operands

  22. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); } Operator evaluation depend upon its operands

  23. public static void main(String[] args) { // define constants final double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.454; final double METERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3046; // set up person's characteristics double weightInPounds = 75.5; // our person’s weight double heightInFeet = 4.5; // our person’s height // convert to metric equivalents double metricWeight = weightInPounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND; double metricHeight = heightInFeet * METERS_PER_FOOT; // perform bmi calculation double bmi = (int) (metricWeight/(metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); } Math.round(bmi) is 18

  24. Quick survey • Program BMI.java makes sense to me • Pretty much • With a little review, I’ll have it down • Not really • I’m so lost • I have done the readings • True • False

  25. Alternative end to the program? int bmi = metricWeight / (metricHeight * metricHeight); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); • Does not compile • Cannot assign a floating point value to an integer variable! • Floating point values are wider than integer values

  26. Alternative end to the program int bmi = (int)Math,round(metricWeight / (metricHeight * metricHeight)); // display result System.out.println("A person with"); System.out.println(" weight " + weightInPounds + " lbs"); System.out.println(" height " + heightInFeet + " feet"); System.out.println("has a BMI of " + bmi); • Casting still necessary as Math.round() returns a long

  27. Quick survey • I understand the purpose of casting • Pretty much • With a little review, I’ll have it down • Not really • I’m so lost

  28. Problem • Write a program to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius for a requested temperature of 28 degrees Celsius • The conversion formula fahrenheit = 32 + 9/5 celsius

  29. // Purpose: Convert a Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit public class CelsiusToFahrenheit { // main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { // set Celsius temperature of interest int celsius = 28; // convert to Fahrenheit equivalent int fahrenheit = 32 + 9/5 * celsius; // display result System.out.println("Celsius temperature"); System.out.println(" " + celsius); System.out.println("equals Fahrenheit temperature"); System.out.println(" " + fahrenheit); } }

  30. // Purpose: Convert a Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit public class CelsiusToFahrenheit { // main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { // set Celsius temperature of interest int celsius = 28; // convert to Fahrenheit equivalent int fahrenheit = 32 + 1 * celsius; // display result System.out.println("Celsius temperature"); System.out.println(" " + celsius); System.out.println("equals Fahrenheit temperature"); System.out.println(" " + fahrenheit); } }

  31. // Purpose: Convert a Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit public class CelsiusToFahrenheit { // main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { // set Celsius temperature of interest int celsius = 28; // convert to Fahrenheit equivalent int fahrenheit = 32 + ((9 * celsius) / 5); // display result System.out.println("Celsius temperature"); System.out.println(" " + celsius); System.out.println("equals Fahrenheit temperature"); System.out.println(" " + fahrenheit); } }

  32. Interactive programs • Programs that interact with their users through statements performing input and output • BMI.java • Not interactive – weight and height are fixed

  33. Support for interactive console programs • Variable System.in • Associated with the standard input stream – the keyboard • Class Scanner • Supports extraction of an input as a numbers, characters, and strings Scanner stdin = new Scanner(System.in);

  34. Accessing the standard input stream • Set up Scanner stdin = new Scanner(System.in); The method returns a reference to a new Scanner object. This object is built using out of the standard input stream

  35. Quick survey • I realize I cannot use Scanner.create() even the book says so • Pretty much • With a little review, I’ll have it down • Not really • I’m so lost

  36. Interactive program outline public class MyProgram { // main(): application entry point public static void main(String[] args) { // set up scanner for input stream // prompt and extract input // perform necessary computations // display results } }

  37. Complimenter public class AgeComplimenter { public static void main(String[] args) { // set up scanner for input stream Scanner stdin = new Scanner(System.in); // prompt and extract System.out.print("Enter your age: "); int age = stdin.nextInt(); // perform necessary computations int fauxAge = age – 5; // display results System.out.println(age + “you don’t look even “ + fauxAge + “!“);} }

  38. Accessing the standard input stream • Some other Scanner extraction possibilities nextDouble(); • Next value as double next(); • Next value as String nextLine(); • Rest of line as String

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