10 pt

1. The Neuron The Brain Embryology Genetics of Development Bio Trivia 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt

2. I 5 Resting potential (in mV)

3. I 5a -70 mV

4. I 10 Name of three physiological responses to signals sent through sympathetic nerves

5. I 10a • Increased heart rate, • Dilation of airways • Increased breathing rate • Decreased digestion • Release of adrenalin from adrenals

6. I 15 Explain the relative levels of Na+ and K+ across the membrane of a neuron at rest.

7. I 15a Higher Na+ outside of cell and higher K+ inside of cell

8. I 20 Sodium and potassium gates are located at these places along an axon

9. I 20a Nodes of Ranvier

10. I 25 Entry of this ion causes exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitters

11. I 25a Ca2+

12. II 5 This part of the brain secretes many hormones and controls the pituitary gland

13. II 5a

14. II 10 This part of the brain is responsible for “muscle memory”

15. II 10a

16. II 15 Part of the brain that regulates breathing and heart rate

17. II 15a

18. II 20 Part of the brain the plans and controls movement of voluntary muscle

19. II 20a Motor cortex

20. II 25 Damage to this area of the brain results in a language disorder which results in fluent but meaningless speech.

21. II 25a Wernicke’s Area

22. III 5 This germ layer gives rise to skin, hair, central nervous system

23. III 5a Ectoderm

24. III 10 Name of the process during which the three germ layers are established

25. III 10a Gastrulation

26. III 15 The cortical reaction results in the formation of a _____ which prevents a second fertilization.

27. III 15a A fertilization envelope

28. III 20 The name of these structures:

29. III 20a Neural plate Notochord Archenteron

30. III 25 The ___ of the frog and the ___ of the chick are the sites of involution during gastrulation

31. III 25a Dorsal lip; primitive streak

32. IV 5 The process by which signals sent from some cells affect the developmental fate of other cells

33. IV 5a Induction

34. IV 10 These genes determine segment identity

35. IV 10a Homeotic genes (HOX)

36. IV 15 Name of two genes that determine the anterior-posterior axis in the fruit fly

37. IV 15a Bicoid, hunchback, or nanos

38. IV 20 When bound to a TOLL receptor, SPZ triggers the activation of this transcription factor which determines the ________ axis formation.

39. IV 20a DL; dorsal-ventral

40. IV 25 Describe the gradient of Hunchback mRNA and Hunchback proteins in the fruit fly embryo.

41. IV 25a HB mRNA is evenly distributed and HB protein is concentrated at the anterior end.

42. V 5 • How many days following conception does the human primitive streak form? • About 24 hours • 3-4 days • 13-14 days • About 3 weeks

43. V 5a • c. 13-14 days • 13 or 14 days after conception: A "primitive streak" appears. It will later develop into the fetus' central nervous system. This is the point at which spontaneous division of the blastocyst -- an event that sometimes generates identical twins -- is not longer possible. The pre-embryo is now referred to as an embryo. It is a very small blob of undifferentiated tissue at this stage of development.

44. V 10 Name the order that includes beetles

45. V 10a Coleoptera

46. V 15 What is this? • A newt larva • An egg of a sponge being fertilized • A jellyfish eye • None of the above

47. V 15a c. The eye of a box jellyfish

48. V 20 • How many cells does the adult male C. elegans have? • 1031 • 997 • 1142 • 1320

49. V 20a • 1031 • The developmental fate of every single somatic cell (959 in the adult hermaphrodite; 1031 in the adult male) has been mapped out. In both sexes, a large number of additional cells are eliminated by programmed cell death (apoptosis).

50. V 25 What is Gilderoy Lockhart’s favorite color?