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1. COMMON SENSE

1. COMMON SENSE. Presents the colonists with an argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided. COMMON SENSE. Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776….. Came to America in 1774 from England and got caught up in the Revolutionary Spirit

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1. COMMON SENSE

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  1. 1. COMMON SENSE • Presents the colonists with an argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided

  2. COMMON SENSE • Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776….. • Came to America in 1774 from England and got caught up in the Revolutionary Spirit • Wrote a 50 page pamphlet that would convince many Americans that King George was a tyrant and declaring independence from Great Britain was our only choice.

  3. COMMON SENSE In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense……The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth…. …Everything that is right or natural pleads for separation…”TIS TIME TO PART”… …The king has shown himself an enemy to liberty and discovered a thirst for arbitrary power. Reconciliation and ruin are nearly related….TIS TIME TO PART

  4. DOI-2 2nd CONTINENTAL CONGRESS • Would stay together throughout the war and became our first government of the United States. • Wrote Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston • 56 signers sacrificed their lives, fortunes and honor when they signed the DOI • King George charged these men with “treason”.

  5. Social contract THOMAS JEFFERSON • Plantation owner from Virginia • Renaissance man • Owned slaves • Representative to the 2nd Continental Congress from Virginia • Father of the Declaration of Independence.

  6. 2. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • 1.New theory of government (democracy---people rule) • 2. Grievances (27) listed against King George • 3.Declaration of War • Become a separate Nation

  7. 27 grievances • He has plundered our Seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our People. • He has erected a Multitude of New Offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. • For cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World. • For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us. • For imposing Taxes on us without our consent.

  8. 3 ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS Rights Colonists possessed as English citizens from the English Bill of Rights in 1689. They believed King George and Parliament had violated these. • Trial by Jury • Due Process • Private Property • No Cruel Punishment • No excessive bail or fines • Right to bear arms • Right to petition

  9. UNITED STATES BILL OF RIGHTS Not only did we fight for our independence, but we fought for rights we believed we had as Englishmen. These rights would be included in our Constitution in 1791 as the first 10 Amendments or Bill of Rights. • Right to bear arms • Right to petition • Freedom of speech • Freedom of the press • Freedom of religion • Trial by jury • Due process • Private property • No unreasonable search and seizure • No cruel punishment

  10. Approved July 4th, officially signed Aug. 2nd, 1776 Thomas Jefferson,“Father of DOI”, part of the 2nd Continental Congress—part of a committee 56 signers of the DOI were considered traitors to England and a bounty was placed on their heads….. • Ultimate goal: • To generate support for American cause • Propaganda • Audiences: • Loyalists and other Americans who didn’t care. • British people • King George and Parliament • Other European countries The Declaration of Independence King George would view the DOI as an illegal document… • Jefferson introduces a new theory of government: • Social Contract theory • Power of govt. comes from the people • Govt. must protect certain rights • People can alter or change the govt. • Democracy—people rule • Statement of intent--why Americans wanted to separate from England….. • Lists grievances against King George • Lists rights and freedoms violated by England

  11. 4. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY • John Locke was an English philosopher during the late 1680s. • He wrote several books on how people should be governed. • His ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson. • The power of government comes from the people….We give the government certain powers to force people to do things for the common good of the community……..If the government does not reflect the will of the people, than the people can change it…….

  12. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY Declaration of Independence The people have the right to abolish an oppressive government and establish a new one. All men are endowed with certain unalienable rights among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. John Locke A government’s power comes from the consent of the people. All people are born free and equal with natural rights to life, liberty and property Authority of Government Natural Rights To preserve himself, his liberty and property Government of laws not man Men being by nature all free, equal and independent To secure these rights History of the present King of England is repeated injuries All men are created equal Purpose of Government Limited Government Equality

  13. Loyalist/Patriot 5. PatriotsAmericans who supported the Rebels…..controlled the countryside. LoyalistsAmericans who supported England…controlled the cities…

  14. DOWNFALL OF KING GEORGE King George’s statue is torn down by Patriots in New York City after the Declaration of Independence is signed by the 2nd Continental Congress

  15. 7. CONTINENTAL ARMY • First US Army made up of volunteers, militias and Minutemen. • George Washington chosen as the first Commanding General. • Not an army of professionals but mostly farmers. • Lacked the discipline of a professional army at first…. • Lacked resources, men weren’t paid and some quit after the first few battles. • 2nd Continental Congress lacked $$$$ to supply army…

  16. British vs. United States FactorsGreat BritainUnited States Population Manufacturing Money Army Leaders Geography Navy Will to Fight Approximately 12 million Highly developed Richest country in the world Large, well trained army plus Hessians Few officers capable of leading Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops Naval world power Trained soldiers---but no heart Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England. Practically none No $$$ to support the war Volunteers, poorly equipped Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders Familiar land, easy access to supplies No navy Defending homeland---will to fight

  17. 8. MILITARY STRATEGIES The British The Americans • Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. • Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] • Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. • Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. • Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. • “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

  18. Cornell professor Walter Pauk  Cornell Note Taking

  19. Cornell Note Taking

  20. Main Idea/Subheadings In the left column write a sentence or two for each heading (red) and subheading (blue) in your textbook. The sentence should summarize the most important points made in the section. Left column

  21. **** For the first assignment there are 7 headings 1. War for Independence 2. The First Phase: New England Etc….(There are 7 total) Left column

  22. Details On the right, any list essential facts from each section. This side should not be in complete sentences. There is no set number of details you need to include. Right Column

  23. Examples Bunker HillBritain suffers major casualties. Battle of Saratoga- Major turning point of the war Details

  24. Write at least two questions you thought of as you were reading. If you haven't asked any questions, you aren't processing the material! Questions (At least 2): -

  25. Summary: At the end of main heading they need to write a summary in their own words. Why would history nerds consider this interesting? Summary

  26. There will be a ‘reading quiz’ in which you can use your note sheet, but nothing else. Reading Quiz:

  27. 1. Have your Cornell notes out from Friday Launch List

  28. British Military Phases: Phase I:The Northern Campaign [1775-1776] Phase II: NY & PA [1777-1778] Phase III:The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

  29. Phase I:The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]

  30. Phase II: NY & PA[1777-1778]

  31. Phase III:The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

  32. Phase I:The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]

  33. 1. Phase I:The Northern Campaign[1775-1776] • Containment in New England – the British first thought the revolution was a radical minority movement centered in New England so they concentrated their forces there. But then came The Battle of Bunker Hill and…

  34. BUNKER HILL, Mass. HOMEFIELD! • June 17, 1775 • Moral Victory for the Colonists • The British suffer 40% casualties. • 2,250 men • 1,054 injured • 226 killed • Americans: Moral victory • 800 men • 140 killed • 271 wounded • King George sends 10,000 Hessian soldiers to help put down the rebellion.

  35. HOMEFIELD!

  36. 2. BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL OR BREED'S HILL Battle of Bunker Hill raised the morale of the American Army though the British won the battle and suffered severe casualties. The Americans held their own against the greatest army in the world. The British never broke out of Boston or gained access to the countryside which the American army held.

  37. Phase II: NY & PA[1777-1778]

  38. New York City in Flames(1776)

  39. 3. Phase II: NY & NJ[1777-1778] • After Bunker Hill, the British realized it was not going to be easy • They shift to divide the colonies by gaining control of the Hudson River. • This Fails.

  40. 4. BATTLE OF TRENTON • Referred to as the “ten crucial days”…Dec. 25th to Jan. 3rd • First major victory for the Continental Army and Washington • Raised the morale of the American troops as well as the country • Led to soldiers re-enlisting and future enlistments • Captured over 1,000 Hessian soldiers, weapons, food and etc. • American Army re-crossed the Delaware to Valley Forge in Pennsylvania

  41. US Delaware WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FOR TRENTON

  42. Surrender/trenton SURRENDER AT TRENTON

  43. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War?

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