Blood, Toil, Tears, Sweat

1. Blood, Toil, Tears, Sweat Winston Churchill Jamie Weiner

2. About Churchill • Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill • (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) • Wrote 5 books by the age of 26 • served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55) • Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist • the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.

3. Background • This speech was given by Winston Churchill, on his very first entrance into the House of Commons as Britain’s new Prime Minister with the presence of the outgoing prime minister. The speech came on May 13, 1940 at the beginning of the World War II when the armies of Adolf Hitler were roaring across Europe conquering country after country for Nazi Germany, and when the existence and embellishment of Great Britain itself looked dim and uncertain.

4. Video

5. About • WWII is beginning • Churchill is warning the citizens of Great Britain to be preparedfor battle • It is imperative that Great Britain is victorious • Without victory, Great Britain will not survive • Without survival, Great Britain’s goals cannot be reached

6. SOAPSTone • Subject: To tell the citizens of Great Britain to be prepared because they have no choice; explaining that Britain needs victory in order to survive • Occasion: WWII is beginning; May 13, 1940 • Audience: House of Commons, Mister Speaker, Great Britain, Parliament, anyone in the world • Purpose: To tell people about the new and upcoming war; to prepare the citizens of Great Britain • Speaker: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister for Great Britain during WWII • Tone: Serious, hopeful, determined

7. Ethos, Logos, Pathos • Churchill uses strong ethos by speaking honestly and telling the truth. • “I now invite the House…to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence in the new Government.” • Churchill needs to be approved for his actions  no dictatorship • Churchill uses logos by making sure his argument was clear, concise, and organized • “Let that be realized; no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for…that mankind will move forward towards its goals.” • Explaining what is logistically going to happen to Britain • Churchill uses pathos by making sure the audience felt the passion in his words • “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”

8. Persuasive Devices Used • Intensity: uses wording such as greatest, most, best • “…we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history,” • “We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind” • “We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering” These words give the message Churchill is trying to convey a more serious tone as well as making him appear bolder.

9. Synecdoche: figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole • “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” • Rhetorical Questions: Churchill asks these questions to get his audience to agree with him. • “What is our policy?” • “What is our aim?” The answer is obvious to the audience, but Churchill is making sure the audience is aware and truly believe the answer.

10. Repetition: forms a stronger and more meaningful message • “…victory; victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.”

11. Analysis • “…we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and that many preparation have to be made here at home.” • Greatest battle in History is talking about WWII • Britain is in battle in many places • They need to watch their back and be prepared everywhere and everyway

12. “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” • Churchill is committed • Churchill doesn’t want the British people to expect great or super-human things out of him. • He does want them to know he is dedicated to serving his country and that he will match the efforts of every citizen to accomplish the difficult task ahead. • Churchill is going to give this war his all • Churchill wants to win no matter what it takes • Term refers to hard work or effort put into a project (WWII) • This term is an idiom that combines bodily fluids in a metaphorical way. This shows a deep and intense investment of effort or a personal attachment to a project (WWII)

13. “What is our aim? I can answer in one word: victory; victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.” • Churchill is determined to win victory • Definition of Victory: An act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition • Victory may be hard, but they have to win in order to survive and build Britain

14. “Let that be realized; no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal. • Survival is needed to save the Western Hemisphere • Britain is not in the war alone, this is everyone’s war • Britain cannot let Germany take over Europe and it is up to them to stop it

15. “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.” • If everyone works together, Britain will be stronger and more powerful • United = together • Strength = power