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Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults

Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults. Up. Down. Thrust faults. Terminology Calculating stretch and shortening Throw, heave, and slip Stratigraphy and thrust faults. Thrust Fault. Thrust Fault Terminology. Original layer cake template. Thrust Fault Terminology. Foreland.

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Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults

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  1. Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down

  2. Thrust faults • Terminology • Calculating stretch and shortening • Throw, heave, and slip • Stratigraphy and thrust faults

  3. Thrust Fault

  4. Thrust Fault Terminology Original layer cake template

  5. Thrust Fault Terminology Foreland Hinterland Transport Direction Fault achieves trajectory rapidly

  6. Fault Bend Fold Movie

  7. Thrust Fault Terminology

  8. Calculating Shortening for Thrust Faults lf lo 40 km 50 km Shortening = lf - lo * 100% lo ( ) lf -1 * 100% shortening = If Stretch [S] = lf/lo, then lo

  9. Calculating Shortening for Thrust Faults lf lo 40 km 50 km lf - lo 40 - 50 * 100% = Shortening = * 100% = -20% lo 50

  10. A Caution Regarding Shortening lf lo 50 km 40 km lf - lo 40 - 50 * 100% = Shortening = * 100%= -20% lo 50 Choosing a minimum lo value yields maximum shortening

  11. Shortening Calculation lf lo 30 km 40 km lf - lo 30 - 40 * 100% = Shortening = * 100% = -25% lo 40 Thus “shortening” is relative to the baseline you pick

  12. Throw, Heave, and Slip Q Heave Q Throw Slip Q (Throw)2 + (Heave)2 = (Slip)2 SinQ = (Throw/Slip) CosQ = (Heave/Slip)

  13. Increasing Stratigraphic Thickness

  14. Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Boreholes

  15. Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Boreholes

  16. Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Boreholes

  17. References Slides 3-9 http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/faults/thrust/rampflat/index.htm Slides 10-14 Twiss, R. J. and E. M. Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 532 p., 1992.

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