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Practicing Leadership: Principles and Applications. Chapter 6: Psychology II: Communication and Motivation.
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Practicing Leadership: Principles and Applications Chapter 6: Psychology II: Communication and Motivation
“There is only one way under high Heaven to get anybody to do anything. Did you ever stop to think of that? Yes, just one way. And that is by making the other person want to do it. Remember there is no other way.” • Dale Carnegie
Reinforcement Theory • Reinforcement theory: A motivation model that argues that behavior can be shaped by controlling the consequences of that behavior. • Three Types: • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Social Learning Theory
McClellan’s Trichotomy of Needs • Power Motivation • Drive and Achievement Motivation • Need for Affiliation Every leader is on a continuum for each need Low High
“The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion it has taken place.” • George Bernard Shaw
Communication • Transactional Communication: the idea that all communication involves a sender and a receiver. Both the sender and the receiver determine the meaning of the communication that has taken place. • Channel • Encoding and Decoding • Filters • Sets • Interference
Types of Communications • Verbal versus nonverbal communication • Intentional versus unintentional communication • Formal versus informal communication • Upward versus downward versus lateral communication
Factors Leading to Breakdowns in Communication • Differing frames of reference • Selective perception • Semantic problems • Filtering • Constraints on time • Communication overload • Cultural differences
Improving Communication • Using descriptive, as opposed to evaluative, speech • Taking a collaborative approach to problem-solving • Communicating with spontaneity, rather than from hidden strategies or agenda • Demonstrating empathy • Promoting equality across and within levels of an organization • Trying to hear all sides of a debate rather than simply sticking to one’s own agenda