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Poetry Notes

Poetry Notes. October 28, 2013. Poetry. A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas ) Line = single row of words Stanzas = the poetic equivalent of a paragraph Consists of 2 or more lines. Kinds of Stanzas.

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Poetry Notes

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  1. Poetry Notes October 28, 2013

  2. Poetry • A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas) • Line = single row of words • Stanzas = the poetic equivalent of a paragraph • Consists of 2 or more lines

  3. Kinds of Stanzas Couplet = a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza Quatrain = a four line stanza Quintet = a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza Septet = a seven line stanza Octave = an eight line stanza

  4. Point of View Poet Speaker Narrator of the poem • Author of the poem

  5. RHYTHM • The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem • Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

  6. METER • When we speak, our syllables are either stressed (stronger emphasis) or unstressed (weaker emphasis). For example, the word remark consists of two syllables. "Re" is the unstressed syllable, with a weaker emphasis, while "mark" is stressed, with a stronger emphasis. • In poetry, a group of two or three syllables is referred to as a foot. • When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line.

  7. Types of Feet • Iambic - unstressed, stressed • Trochaic - stressed, unstressed Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed Iambic pentameter is the most well known type. It is used by Shakespeare in his sonnets and when his upper class characters speak.

  8. Examples of Iambic Pentameter u / u / u / u / u / But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? u = weak / = strong

  9. Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound RHYME

  10. RHYME SCHEME • A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). • Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

  11. END RHYME • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

  12. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME • The Germ by Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

  13. Although free verse requires no meter, rhyme, or other traditional poetic techniques, a poet can still use them to create some sense of structure Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. A more modern type of poetry. FREE VERSE POETRY

  14. Characteristics of Free Verse Poetry

  15. INTERNAL RHYME • A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. • Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. • From “The Raven” • by Edgar Allan Poe

  16. a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH ROSE LOSE Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound) Share the same consonant sound NEAR RHYME

  17. ONOMATOPOEIA • Words that imitate the sound they are naming • BUZZ • OR sounds that imitate another sound • “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of • each purple curtain . . .”

  18. ALLITERATION • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

  19. CONSONANCE • Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . • The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words • “silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

  20. ASSONANCE • Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. • (Often creates near rhyme.) • Lake FateBaseFade • (All share the long “a” sound.) • EXAMPLES: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” • John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” - William Shakespeare

  21. IMAGERY • Language that appeals to the senses. • Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . . from “Those Winter Sundays”

  22. When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace SYMBOLISM

  23. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

  24. SIMILE • A comparison of two things using like or as • “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

  25. METAPHOR • A direct comparison of two unlike things • “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” - William Shakespeare

  26. EXTENDED METAPHOR • A metaphor that goes several lines or possible the entire length of a work. “The Cafeteria” The cafeteria is a jungle. Wild animals scrambling for food. Grunting like wild boars Stampeding to the line Devouring their prey Cleaning their paws and then returning to their dens

  27. IMPLIED METAPHOR • The comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated. • “The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.” • from The Pearl • by John Steinbeck

  28. Hyperbole • Exaggeration often used for emphasis. "As I Walked Out One Evening" by W.H. Auden I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China and Africa meet, And the river jumps over the mountain And the salmon sing in the street, I'll love you till the ocean Is folded and hung up to dry And the seven stars go squawking Like geese about the sky.

  29. Litotes • Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole. Often it is ironic. • Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy” • “It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain” - The Catcher in the Rye' by J.D. Salinger

  30. Idiom • An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says. • Examples: • It’s raining cats and dogs. • He has a chip on his shoulder • Break a leg

  31. An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities. PERSONIFICATION

  32. Open Note Quiz – 2 points each • How many lines are in a septet? • Give an example of an idiom • Definition of assonance • Difference between poet and speaker • Definition of litote

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