SKILLS Project

1. SKILLS Project Naming and Building Binary Covalent Compounds

2. What are Binary Covalent Compounds? • A binary covalent compound is made of two different non-metals sharing a covalent bond. • Covalent and Ionic nomenclature are verydifferent. You cannot use covalent naming on substances containing a METAL.

3. Covalent Names • Unlike ionics and polyatomics, covalent compounds do NOT receive their names based on charges. • The reason for this is simple- covalent compounds share rather than steal electrons from one another. In other words, no real charges are produced. • Instead, prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element in the compound.

4. List of Covalent Prefixes • Mono- • Di- • Tri • Tetra- • Penta- • Hexa- • Hepta- • Octa- • Nona- • Deca-

5. Naming Covalent Compounds • We do not modify the first atom’s name unless there is MORE than one. • Ex. CO is “carbon monoxide” not “monocarbon monoxide” • The second atom, on the other hand, must always have an amount specified and will end in –ide (as we did with ionic naming.) • Ex. CO2 is “carbon dioxide”

6. Working with “–ide” • Remember, any non-polyatomic receives an –ide at the end of their name: S, Sulfide N, Nitride H, Hydride Cl, Chloride C, Carbide O, Oxide As, Arsenide F, Fluoride Si, Silicide B, Boride I, Iodide Br, Bromide Se, Selenide Te, Telluride P, Phosphide

7. Note! • Many polyatomic compounds are covalently-bonded, however, they have unique names. • In other words, the naming system for neutral covalent compounds cannot be used for charged covalent compounds, such as polyatomics. • NH41+ is ammonium ion (polyatomic) • NH4 would be nitrogen tetrahydride (neutral)

8. Example 1: P3O8 Triphosphorous octoxide Tri- phosphorous P3 oxide Octa- O8 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

9. Example 2: C4H10 Tetracarbon decahydride Tetra- carbon C4 hydride Deca- H10 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

10. Example 3: C2O4 Dicarbon tetroxide carbon Di- C2 oxide Tetra- O4 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

11. Example 4: S4Cl6 Tetrasulfur hexachloride sulfur Tetra- S4 chloride Hexa- Cl6 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

12. Example 5: PF5 Phosphorous pentafluoride phosphorous Mono- P Penta- fluoride F5 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

13. Example 6: ArF2 Argon difluoride argon Mono- Ar Di- fluoride F2 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

14. Example 7: N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide nitrogen Di- N2 Tetra- oxide O4 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

15. Example 8: Se4I6 Tetraselenium hexaiodide selenium Tetra- Se4 Hexa- iodide I6 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

16. Example 9: ICl7 Iodine heptachloride iodine Mono- I Hepta- chloride Cl7 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

17. Example 10: Si2O3 Disilicone trioxide silicone Di- Si2 Tri- oxide O3 Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element.

18. Example 11: Oxygen dichloride OCl2 Oxygen (Mono) O Di- chloride Cl2 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

19. Example 12: Dihydrogen monoxide H2O hydrogen Di- H2 Mon- oxide O Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

20. Example 13: Tetracarbon decahydride C4H10 carbon Tetra- C4 Deca- hydride H10 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

21. Example 14: Carbon disulfide CS2 Carbon (Mono) C Di- Sulfide S2 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

22. Example 15: Dinitrogen nonahydride N2H9 nitrogen Di- N2 Nona- hydride H9 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

23. Example 16: Selenium hexabromide SeBr6 Selenium (Mono) Se Hexa- bromide Br6 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

24. Example 17: Tricarbon hexaphosphide C3P6 carbon Tri- C3 Hexa- phosphide P6 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

25. Example 18: Arsenic pentaiodide AsI5 Arsenic (Mono) As Penta- Iodide I5 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

26. Example 19: Tetracarbon heptasilicide C4Si7 carbon Tetra- C4 Hepta- silicide Si7 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

27. Example 20: Iodine heptachloride ICl7 Iodine (Mono) I Hepta- chloride Cl7 Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name.

28. FORMULAS  NAMES Practice on your own: Nonacarbon tetroxide • C9O4 – • OF2 – • Cl2O3 – • CO3 – • PF5 – • N2S2 – • C2H2 – • CBr4 – • As2Si5 – • P7S10 – Oxygen difluoride Dichlorine trioxide Carbon trioxide Phosphorous pentafluoride Dinitrogen disulfide Dicarbon dihydride Carbon tetrabromide Diarsenic pentasilicide Heptaphosphorous decasulfide

29. NAMES  FORMULAS Practice on your own: CO • Carbon monoxide – • Tetrasulfur pentaiodide – • Triselenium decatelluride – • Diarsenic monofluoride – • Heptasilicon diboride – • Nitrogen hexaselenide – • Carbon tetrachloride – • Krypton monofluoride – • Heptaphosphorous octoxide- • Triselenium pentanitride - S4I5 Se3Te10 As2F Si7B2 NSe6 CCl4 KrF P7O8 Se3N5

30. Congratulations! • You may name and use binary covalent compounds! • Remember, many covalent compounds have different names than those used here, especially the charged polyatomics. • Over the course of the year, you will be introduced to the “common” names used for many of the compounds shown here. For example: nitrogen trihydride, NH3, is most commonly known as “ammonia.”