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TCOM 555 Network Management and Design

TCOM 555 Network Management and Design. George Mason University SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING. First Meeting Agenda. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. E-MAIL ADDRESSES (james.a.mazzei@aero.org) 3. SYLLABUS REVIEW A. GRADING STANDARDS B. GROUP PROJECT

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TCOM 555 Network Management and Design

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  1. TCOM 555 Network Management and Design George Mason UniversitySCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

  2. First Meeting Agenda • 1. INTRODUCTION • 2. E-MAIL ADDRESSES (james.a.mazzei@aero.org) • 3. SYLLABUS REVIEW • A. GRADING STANDARDS • B. GROUP PROJECT • System analysis & protocol specification • (2) Proposed system design and management plan • (3) Presentations • D. SUPPLEMENTAL READING • 4. QUIZES & HOMEWORK • 5. FOCUS OF COURSE • 6. THE BOOK’S RELATIONSHIP TO THE COURSE • 7. BACKGROUND & CHAPTER 1

  3. Telecom-Data-Network Management • Homework: • Send me an e-mail to james.a.mazzei@aero.org • Revise the flowchart on page 42 • of the text to conform to your idea of how it • would be more efficient or effective.

  4. Background-Concepts & Chapter 1 1. BASIC BASICS 2. X.25 3. FRAME RELAY 4. ATM 5. GIGABIT ETHERNET 6. COMPARISONS 7. dBs & S/N 8. NYQUIST 9. SHANNON 10. NETWORK OPERATION & MANAGEMENT

  5. Protocol • A set of Rules Used to Enable Data Communications • Procedures for Adding Order to the Exchange of Data • Rules Relating to the Timing and Format of Data Transmissions • Standard Procedures that Devices Must Accept and Use

  6. Standards • Agreed Principles • De Jure • EIA (RS232) • ANSI (X.25) • ITU-T (CCITT) - (X & V Series “Recommendations”) • De Facto • IBM, Bell System, et.al.

  7. Do It Yourself

  8. WHO • Naming - Addresses • Format • Aliases

  9. Addressing Curly Larry Jim Mo

  10. HOW • Connections • Type • Linkage • Bandwidth • More Names

  11. Connectivity A E Curly Larry C B F D Jim Mo

  12. WHEN • Timing & Synchronization • Channel Availability • Device Availability • Batch vs. Real Time

  13. Connectivity 2 1 A E Curly Larry C B F X D Jim Mo

  14. WHEN2 • Routing • Quality Assurance • Data Integrity • Error Handling

  15. Routing 2 1 A E Curly Larry C 3 B 4 F D Jim Mo

  16. WHAT • Payload • Character • Block • Packet/Frame • Assemble/Disassembly

  17. Background Chapter 1 1. Data & Telecom Networks 2. X.25 3. FRAME RELAY 4. ATM 5. GIGABIT ETHERNET

  18. Packets TO FROM # of # data…...

  19. Layers In The OSI Stack Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Network Management uses some of these levels to manage others But how do they relate to each other?

  20. Services Service Example Reliable message stream Sequence of pages Reliable byte stream Remote login Unreliable connection Digitized voice Unreliable datagram Electronic junk mail Acknowledged datagram Registered mail Request-reply Database query

  21. Services & Interfaces Interface Data Unit Interface Control Info Service Data Unit Service Access Point Protocol Data Unit IDU Layer N+1 Interface Layer N ICI SDU SAP ICI SDU Header SDU Note: It is very important to appreciate this. N-PDU

  22. Service Primitives Primitive Meaning Request An entity wants the service to do some work Indication An entity is to be informed about an event Response An entity wants to respond to an event Confirm The response to an earlier request has come back

  23. Accasionally On Line PC N+1 PC N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 min Svr N+1 Svr N

  24. Layers In The OSI Stack Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  25. Process 1 Computer 1 The Market Dropped!Sell! A Pr S T N DL Ph 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P(1)OS-SQ P(2,3,4,5) Add $, Compress P(1)OS-SQ P(n) C(1)P(1)OS-SQ C(n)P(n) C(1)P(1)OS C(n)P(n) C(1)P(1)SQ C(n)P(n) HHC(1)P(1)OS C(n)P(n) HHC(1)P(1)SQ C(n)P(n) GW 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 P5 on C5 P3 on C3 P2 on C2 P4 on C4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Router Bridge

  26. Standards & ProtocolsConcepts Review 1. Interface: 2. Entities: 3. Peer Entities: 4. Primitives:

  27. X.25 • Packet Based • Mesh/Partial Mesh/Star Topologies • Layers 1 & 2 of the Protocol Stack • First successful WAN protocol • Connection oriented communications

  28. X.25 DTE DCE DCE DTE Call Request Incoming Call Call Setup Call Connected Call Accepted Full Duplex Data Clear Request Clear Indication Call Clear Clear Confirm Clear Confirmed

  29. Frame Relay • Packet Based • Mesh/Partial Mesh/Star Topologies • Layer 11/2 Protocol of the Stack • X.25 on Steroids • Lobotomized X.25

  30. X.25 9.6Kbps - T1 High Overhead Each Hop Frame Relay 56Kbps - T3 Low Overhead CRC at End Nodes Only Limited QoS X.25 vs. Frame Relay

  31. Frame Relay Characteristics • WAN Application • CIR/CDR • VCs & PVCs • Variable Packet Length • Multicast Capabilities • Service Provider Based

  32. X.25 & Frame Relay Structures Flag Address Control Data FCS Flag X.25 Frame Relay Flag Address Data FCS Flag

  33. Frame Relay Structure 6 1* 1 4 1 1 1 1 DLCI CR EA DLCI FECN BECN DE EA Flag Address Data FCS Flag

  34. Frame Relay Address 6 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 DLCI CR EA DLCI FECN BECN DE EA DLCI - Data Link Connection Identifier: Identifies logical connection (within multiplexed channel) with which the frame is associated CR - Command Response: Not used in DL-CORE protocols EA - Address Field Extension Bit: 0 indicates another octet coming FECN - Forward Explicit Congestion Notification: Notifies to initiate congestion avoidance (e.g., We got a lot of stuff coming.) BECN - Backward Explicit Congestion Notification: Notifies to initiate congestion avoidance in the opposite direction of frame (e.g., We see congestion on our receive side.) DE - Discard Eligibility Indicator

  35. Frame Relay Structure 6 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 DLCI CR EA DLCI FECN BECN DE EA Frame Check Sequence (16 bit CRC) Flag Address Data FCS Flag 01111110

  36. ATM • Fixed Frame Based • Mesh/Switched Topologies • Layers 1 - 3 Protocol Stacks • SVCs & PVCs

  37. ATM • WAN/MAN/LAN Application • Multicast Capabilities • Enterprise and/or Service Provider Based • QoS

  38. ATM 25Mbps - OC12+ Low Overhead CRC at End Nodes High QoS Fixed Payload Frame Relay 56Kbps - T3 Low Overhead CRC at End Nodes Only Limited QoS Variable Packet Frame Relay vs. ATM

  39. Gigabit Ethernet • Supports Shared & Switched Configurations • Switching Accomplished by: • MAC Addressing (Layer 2 Switching) • Network Layer Addressing (Layer 3 Switching) • ATM

  40. Speed Comparisons (Mbps) Megabits

  41. Cost Comparisons

  42. Decibells & Logarithms Converting watts to dB (or milliwatts to dBm): 10 log10 1000 watts = 30 dBw Converting dB to watts (or dBm to milliwatts): 30 dBw = log-1, or log-1 (3) or 10 raised to the 3rd power = 103 = 1000 watts 35 dBw = 103.5 = 3162.3 watts Note: There’s a point between the 3 & 5.

  43. Decibells & Logarithms dBW Watts -3 .5 0 1 3 2 6 4 9 8 10 10 20 100 30 1000 40 10000 Note: The same relationship holds with dBm and miliwatts

  44. Nyquist Nyquist Nyquist Nyquist: The maximum practical data rate (samples) per channel. Max R = 2 H log2 V Logarithmic function to the base 2: For each # V, log V = the exponent to which 2 must be raised to produce V. Then if V = 16, the log2 of V = 4. If V = 2, the log2 of V = 1. Then what is the maximum practical data rate for BPSK signal on a line with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz? What is the maximum practical data rate for a QPSK signal on a line with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz?

  45. Shannon Shannon Shannon Shannon: The maximum theoretical data rate per channel. Max R = CBW x log2 (1 + S/N) [CBW = H in Nyquist Theorem] Then what is the maximum practical data rate for signal with a 30 dB S/N on a line with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz?

  46. Telecom-Data-Network Management Telecom from where & using what? Data from where & using what? Networks from where & using what?

  47. Telecom-Data-Network Management SNA OSI Internet User Apl Present Svcs Flow Control Xmt Control Path Control Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Apl Protocol Transport TCP UDP Network

  48. Telecom-Data-Network Management Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical SNICP SNDCP SNDAP Subnet Independent Convergence Subnet Dependent Convergence Subnet Dependent Access Protocol

  49. Telecom-Data-Network Management Network Management Network Provisioning Network Operations Network Maintenance

  50. Telecom-Data-Network Management Network Provisioning Network Operations Network Maintenance Planning Fault Management Fault Management Design Configuration Mgt Trouble Ticket Admin Performance Mgt Network Installation Security Management Network Repairs Accounting Mgt Install & Maintenance Reports Management Routine Net Tests Inventory Management Data Gathering Data Analysis

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