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Understanding Asterisk: A Guide to Open Source Telephony

Explore the features of Asterisk, an open-source PBX and IVR platform supporting TDM technologies and VoIP. Learn about Digium Zaptel hardware support, Asterisk architecture, dialplan extensions, and extensions contexts. Discover why Asterisk is a valuable telecom solution and how it fits into different network scenarios.

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Understanding Asterisk: A Guide to Open Source Telephony

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  1. Business and Technical details Mark Spencer

  2. “Asterisk is an Open Source, hybrid, TDM, and packet voice PBX. It is also an Interactive Voice Response platform with Automatic Call Distributor functionality.” What is Asterisk?

  3. Asterisk is fully Open Source * !

  4. Asterisk supports TDM Technologies

  5. Asterisk is a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

  6. Basic Call Features

  7. Advanced Features

  8. Asterisk Supports VoIP(Packet Voice)

  9. Asterisk is anInteractive Voice Response (IVR)Platform

  10. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware • TE405P / TE410P (Quad T1 / E1 Interface)

  11. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware • T100P (Single T1/PRI interface—PCI)

  12. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware • E100P (Single E1/PRA Interface—PCI)

  13. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware • TDM400P (Quad Modular FXS/FXO) FXO Module FXS Module

  14. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware • X100P (Single Analog Interface—PCI)

  15. Supported Digium Zaptel TDM Hardware IAXy – Single FXS interface with Ethernet Backend

  16. Supported Hardware • Linux telephony (/dev/phone) interface • Quicknet Internet Phonejack • Quicknet Internet Linejack • Quicknet Internet PhoneCard • ISDN4Linux supported cards • OSS or ALSA compatible full duplex sound cards • CAPI compatible ISDN (contributed) • Voicetronix (contributed)

  17. Why Asterisk for Telecom? *?

  18. Asterisk as a Black Box

  19. Conventional Softswitch Network

  20. Where Asterisk Fits

  21. The Big Picture

  22. Example: 1x1 PBX

  23. Example: 8x16 PBX

  24. Small/Medium Enterprise

  25. High Density IVR/Conferencing

  26. Why Open Source— For Customers? ?

  27. Why Open Source—For Suppliers? ?

  28. Asterisk Architecture (Add some things?)

  29. The Asterisk Dialplan

  30. Extension Contexts

  31. Uses of Extension Contexts Security Voice Menu Authenticated Services PBX Multi-Hosting Callback Services Daytime/Nightime Modes

  32. Example Asterisk Dialplan

  33. Extensions • Conventional dialplans assign extension to physical interface • Asterisk assigns extensions to list of applications • Execution goes through priorities, one by one • Applications can modify call flow • Seamlessly integrates IVR apps into PBX • May route by dialled and calling number

  34. Extension Names • May be any number of digits (max 128) • May be string literals • May pattern match (when preceeded with “_”) • 'N' – matches digits from 2 to 9 • 'X' – matches digits from 0 to 9 • '.' – signifies end of pattern matching

  35. Special Extensions • 's' – “start” • 't' – “timeout” • 'i' – “invalid” • 'o' – “operator” • 'h' – “hangup”

  36. Simple Extension with Voicemail exten => 600,1,Dial(Zap/9,15) exten => 600,2,Voicemail(u600) exten => 600,102,Voicemail(b600) Try dialing on Zap/9 for up to 15 seconds. If there is no answer send them to voicemail, preceeded by “unavailable” message. If the interface is busy, send them to voicemail with a “busy” message.

  37. Extension for Psycho Ex-girlfriend

  38. Example: Operator

  39. Example: Outgoing Line with Least Cost Routing

  40. Example: AGI Integration exten => s,1,AGI(agi-lookup.agi) exten => s,2,Background(intro) exten => 100,1,AGI(agi-save.agi) exten => 100,2,Dial(Zap/9,15) exten => 100,3,Voicemail(u100) exten => 120,1,AGI(agi-save.agi) exten => 120,2,Dial(Zap/24,15) exten => 120,3,Voicemail(u101) When an incoming call comes in, send it first to “agi-lookup.agi” which checks the caller's Caller*ID against a database and route them to the last person they spoke with.

  41. Example: Ringback [ringback] exten => s,1,Ringing exten => s,2,Wait(1) exten => s,3,Congestion exten => h,1,System(callback) [default] exten => 1234,1,DISA(4321,trusted) exten => 1235,1,Goto(ringback,s,1) When extension 1235 is dialled, the call is sent into the “ringback” context which eventually calls a script to call the user and dump them into the DISA (with a password) when they answer.

  42. Example: Macro [macro-stdexten] exten => s,1,Dial(${ARG1},20) exten => s,2,Voicemail(u${MACRO_EXTEN}) exten => s,102,Voicemail(b${MACRO_EXTEN}) [default] exten => 1234,1,Macro(stdexten,Zap/1) exten => 1235,1,Macro(stdexten,Zap/2&Zap/3) Extension 1234 and 1235 are essentially identical, dialing one (and two) interfaces for up to 20 seconds, and doing voicemail.

  43. Configuration Files /etc/asterisk-- Location of config files alsa.conf and oss.conf-- Sound card configuration asterisk.adsi -- ADSI feature script extensions.conf-- Static dialplan iax.conf-- IAX users, peers, friends, and parameters

  44. More Configuration Files meetme.conf-- Meetme conference configuration modules.conf -- Modules, preloads, globals, and noloads musiconhold.conf-- Music on hold configuration voicemail.conf -- Voicemail mailboxes, general parameters zapata.conf-- Zaptel compatible device configuration

  45. Programmability/Extensibility • DialPlan • AGI • C-level API

  46. More Resources for Asterisk • Following commands at CLI> prompt: • help • show applications • show application <foo> • show dialplan

  47. Helpful web sites asterisk.org www.digium.com markocam.com

  48. Where do we go from here? *?

  49. http://www.asterisk.org http://www.digium.com Thank you!

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