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Discover the Trundle Wheel, a device used by scientists and engineers to measure distances and gather data for calculations. Explore hands-on builds and programming opportunities to enhance your understanding of STEM math.
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A Trundle Wheel is a device used to measure distances and helps scientists and engineers gather data to make calculations.
Discover new hands-on builds and programming opportunities to further your understanding of a subjectmatter.
TheCompletedLookoftheBuild Completed TrundleWheel The Trundle Wheel is used to calculate distances. Attach a yard or meter stick into the slot of the build to roll the wheels across a surface.
Exploration • Now that you've finished the build, return to the first page to read about what the Trundle Wheel is used for. Explore your build and then answer these questions in your engineering notebook. • The Trundle Wheel makes a clicking noise as you push it along. What do you think the clicks indicate? Explain how that helps. • If the wheel was smaller, do you think the Trundle Wheel would click more or less often? Explain why. • What benefits would a mathematician have using the Trundle Wheel instead of a traditionalruler?
Test your build, observe how it functions, and fuel your logic and reasoning skills through imaginative, creative play.
What is STEM? STEM and the includedprocesses • What is STEM? • STEM is the combination of science, technology, engineering, and math. The concept of STEM promotes the integration of all four skills to foster the growth of a better skill set and promote more comprehensivesolutions. • Take a look at what each skill of STEM consists ofbelow: • Science is studying specific areas of our natural world by inquiring, observing, and experimenting and by applying these understandings using a systematicprocess. • Technology is the techniques, skills, tools, and methods created through science used to solve a problem or create aproduct. • Engineering is the application of math, science, and technology through a process to invent, innovate, design, and build products andsolutions. • Math is the study of numbers, data, equations, geometric shapes, logic and their relationships that help craft and verifysolutions.
MathinSTEM Surveying a STEMCareer Surveyor at a constructionsite • A Trundle Wheel is also known as a surveyor's wheel and is commonly used by surveyors to map out distances. Surveyors determine property boundaries by making precise measurements. They provide data relevant to the shape and contour of the Earth’s surface for engineering, mapmaking, and construction projects. A Surveryor using a Trundle Wheel is one example of a STEM career that applies math with datacollecting. • Surveyors typically do the following: • Measure distances and angles between points on, above, and below the Earth’ssurface • Research land records, survey records, and landtitles • Look for evidence of previous boundaries to determine where boundary lines arelocated • Record the results of surveying and verify the accuracy ofdata
What is a Trundle Wheel? TrundleWheel What is a TrundleWheel? The Trundle Wheel is a device that connects to STEM. Scientists and engineers use it to collect data, perform calculations, and generate solutions. Even the Trundle Wheel itself is a technological tool that is used to solveproblems. Imagine if you had to use a meter stick to measure the distance from your classroom to the cafeteria, gymnasium, or any long distance. This would be very difficult and time consuming. However, if we could bend a meter stick into a circle or wheel, each time the wheel makes one revolution we would complete one meter of travel. This also would get rid of markingthe
end and beginning of the next measurement. A Trundle Wheel is a device that offers a solution which makes measuring long distanceseasier. Usually, a Trundle Wheel has a circumference of 1 meter, which means one revolution of the wheel will equal 1 meter of travel. Many Trundle Wheels have an indicator or deliver a clicking noise when one revolution is complete that lets the user continuously count a distance.
Measuring Distances In this section you will learn the mathematical formula used to calibrate your Trundle Wheel, and then you will use your device to measure objects, distances, andpeople. 1. Measure theDiameter Measuring the wheel with aruler Before we can measure a distance with a Trundle Wheel we must first calibrate the measurement of the diameter of the wheel to determine the distance a Trundle wheel will travel in one rotation. Typically a Trundle Wheel is calibrated to 1 meter perrotation. However, this will travel much less per rotation. A Trundle Wheel's calibration is equal to its circumference, so let's find our circumference. Using a ruler, measure the distance from point to point that crosses the center of the VEX IQ wheel and tire.
2. Multiply by Pi andCalibrate Your result should show it has a diameter of 6.37 cm. Now take the diameter, 6.37 cm and multiply it by Pi,3.14. Therefore, the circumference which is also our travel distance of our wheel is 20 cm. So, our Trundle Wheel is calibrated to 20cm. 3. How toMeasure Tape on the wheel to measure Push the wheel along the area you wish to measure. As you are pushing try to make sure the wheel is rolling properly on theground. Make sure that the wheel does not slip or divert from your course otherwise your measurement will not be asaccurate. Count the number of times the wheel completes one rotation. You can accomplish this by marking the wheel, adding an additional indicator, or adding a device that clicks each time you make arotation.
4. Measure YourDesk Remember your trundle wheel is calibrated to 20 cm so you will need to multiply the number of revolutions by 20. You may also want to express the result in meters for longer distances by dividing the result by100. Make sure to include your units at the end. For example, 120 cm (for centimeters) or 1000 m (formeters).
5. Multiply by20 EngineeringJournal Use the trundle wheel to find the length of your desk and record the result in your engineering journal.
6. Measure aFriend TrundleWheel Have a friend lay down and use the Trundle Wheel to measure their height. Have them do the same to you and record the results in your engineeringjournal. Conclusion: The Trundle Wheel is an effective measuring tool, but how does it compare to other tools like a meter stick or a tape measure? Is it more accurate or easier to use? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Please records your thoughts about the Trundle Wheel in your engineeringjournal.
Become a 21st century problem solver by applying the core skills and concepts you learned to other problems.
STEM Career Growth Graph displaying projected STEM jobgrowth • STEM CareerGrowth • From the US Department ofCommerce: • In 2015, about 6% of all workers were in STEM occupations, a 5% increase from 2010. At the time, 6% was about 9.0 million STEM workers in the UnitedStates. • Employment in STEM occupations (24%) grew much faster than employment in non- STEM occupations (4%) over the last decade. STEM occupations are expected to grow by 8% from 2014 to 2024, compared to 6% growth for non- STEMoccupations. • STEM workers receive higher wages, earning 29% more than non-STEM workers in 2015. • Nearly 75% of STEM workers have at least a college degree, compared to 33% of non- STEMworkers.
Someone working in STEM can expect to earn a salary that is 12% higher than someone working outside ofSTEM.
Robots and Math Robots and Math When building and programming robots, knowing the diameter and how to calculate circumference or travel distance is crucial. In competitions, programming a mobile robot to autonomously navigate to a specific point or position is usually required either to interactor
avoid various game objects. Converting distances that the robot will travel to accurate rotations on the wheel can be helpful and promote success at thesecompetitions. The circumference of the wheel can also affect the turning radius of the robot. A turning radius is the smallest circular turn that a robot can make. Robots can make two different types of turns: a swing turn or a point turn. A swing turn is when two drive motors are set to different values and the robot's path makes a curve to turn. A point turn is when the two drive motors are set to equal but opposite levels, causing the robot to spin in place or on apoint.
Is there a more efficient way to come to the same conclusion? Take what you’ve learned and try to improveit.
ImproveandTinkerwithYour Build • Answer the following questions in your engineering notebook as you tinker with thebuild. • How many rotations or clicks of the Trundle Wheel are needed to travel a distance of 1 meter or approximately 3 feet? What if you increased the circumference of the wheel? Would that increase or decrease the number of rotations/clicks needed to travel 1meter? • What would be the benefit of changing the build so that the Trundle Wheel clicks to indicate one half of a rotation? Explain how that would change the calculation of how far the Trundle Wheeltravels. • Which piece(s) from the VEX IQ Super Kit could you use to make the Trundle Wheel click for every half of a wheel rotation (click = 0.5 rotations)? Test some changes to the build. Then write down a procedure for making the change and explain why the change improves the Trundle Wheel's performance so that othersunderstand.
Understand the core concepts and how to apply them to differentsituations. This review process will fuel motivation tolearn.
Review • A Trundle Wheel would be best used tomeasure • the diameter of anapple • the length of a slidewalk • the volume of aglass • the intensity of a lightsource • The distance from point to point that crosses the center of the circle isthe • Diameter • Circumference • Area • Speed • Circumferenceis • the surface area of a wheel • the width of thewheel • the travel distance of thewheel • the diameter of the wheel • Surveyors typically do thefollowing: • Measure distances and angles between points on, above, and below the Earth’s surface • Research land records, survey records and landtitles • Record the results of surveying and verify the accuracy ofdata • All the above • STEM promotes Math and Science being taught inisolation.
True • False • People strong in STEM show the skillsof • a logicalthinker • a problemsolver • a collaborator • All theabove • A trundle wheel can be helpful when estimating how much carpet you may need for aroom. • True • False
RemovingConnectorsfrom Beams and Plates Using a pitch shaft to remove a cornerconnector How to Easily RemoveConnectors You can easily remove corner connectors from beams or plates by placing a metal shaft through one of the holes of the corner connector and pulling outward while holding down the beam orplate.
RemovingPinsfromVEXIQ Beams and Plates Removing a pin from a plate assembly using abeam How to Easily Remove Pins from Beams andPlates You can quickly remove connector pins from beams or plates by pressing a beam against the back of the pin, which partially pushes the pin out, so you can remove it with your fingers. You can use this technique to more easily remove pins from individual plates and beams, or from builtstructures.
RemovingPinsfromVEXIQ Electronics Removing a 1x1 Connector Pin from a SmartMotor How to Remove Pins that are Stuck in Electronic Components Connector pins can be removed more easily from Smart Motors, sensors, or Robot Brains by using a 1x1 Beam. Push the beam onto the pin and then twist the beam while pulling outward to remove the pin.
SupportingShaftsusingRubber Shaft Collars SupportedShaft Rubber ShaftCollar Added toShaft UnsupportedShaft Supporting a shaft with a Rubber ShaftCollar How to Support Shafts with Rubber ShaftCollars Shafts can fall out of place or alignment very easily if they aren't supported properly. You can make a shaft more secure and prevent it from falling out of place by putting a Rubber Shaft Collar before the end of it. You can then connect the shaft to a support structure with the shaft collar positioned against it. That will allow the shaft to turn but will prevent it from wobbling or fallingout.
SupportingShaftsusingShaft Bushings UnsupportedShaft Shaft Bushing Addedto Shaft SupportedShaft Supporting a shaft with a ShaftBushing How to Support Shafts Using Shaft Bushings Shafts can fall out of place or alignment very easily if they aren't supported properly. You can make a shaft more secure and prevent it from falling out of place by putting a bushing at the end of it. You can then connect that bushing into another beam or additional part. That will allow the shaft to turn but will prevent it from wobbling or fallingout.
