The Civil War

1. The Civil War

2. USA CSA The Flags (Battle Flag)

3. The Presidents Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

4. Billy Yank and Johnny Reb • The “common man” soldier • Enlisted and usually infantry • Generally aged 17-25 • Died by the thousands

5. The Union left forces on Fort Sumter in SC SC & Confederacy wanted them out They attacked the fort several times South won and North left the fort Start of the Civil War Fight Begins http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=fort+sumter+and+the+civil+war&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=DE2F12F7AAA75C2D663BDE2F12F7AAA75C2D663B

6. The Divisions of the Civil War Army • Cavalry • Artillery • Infantry

7. The Draft • The North • 1863, required military service for all white males 20 to 45. • Could pay $300 or hire a substitute to serve • Riot over draft • 100+ died in New York City • The South • Required 3-year military service for all white men 18-35 • later moved to age 50 • Large slave owners excused; wealthy hired substitutes

8. The Union’s Strategy • Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half • Blockade the South to keep it from sending cotton to Britain and France in return for weapons and supplies. ANACONDA PLAN

9. Anaconda Plan

10. The Confederacy's Strategy • Fight a “war of attrition” • Turn back every Union advance until the British or French joined their side • Fight defensively • Make the people of the North weary of fighting • Force Lincoln to negotiate

11. Important Northern Generals • General Ulysses Grant led Northern Army in the West to try to seize the Mississippi River; was later fired by Lincoln as commander of Union troops • William Tecumseh Sherman Took over after McClellan, was appointed to take Georgia and split the Confederacy

12. Important Southern Generals • Robert E. Lee • Trained at West Point • Top student • Became Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia • Known as a crafty, smart soldier • Well liked by his troops • Was asked by Lincoln to serve as Union general, but refused saying his allegiance was first with Virginia • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Also attended West Point • Popular, intelligent instructor at VMI • Well liked by troops • A very religious man who did not believe in fighting on Sundays • Known for the quote, "There is Jackson standing like a stone wall”

13. Battle of Antietam • Lee invaded Maryland, hoping for European support • North lost 12,000 and Lee 14,000; retreated to VA; As Lee withdrew, McClellan did not attack • President Davis was not happy with Lee’s defensive victory and wanted him to make a major push north

14. The Battle of Antietam • Lee’s army of 40,000 met McClellan’s 80,000 men at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, VA • McClellan found Lee’s battle plans, due to a fatal stroke of bad luck • The Rebel forces lost 25% of their men Bloodiest one-day battle of war

16. The Emancipation Proclamation • Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation as a tactic to end the war • Freed slaves in areas of rebellion against the government • Did NOT free slaves in border states that had NOT succeeded

17. Effects of the Proclamation • Inspired southern slaves to escape to the protection of Union troops • Encouraged African Americans to serve in the Union army

18. African American Soldiers • By 1865 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in the federal army • Served in all-black regiments

20. Andersonville, GeorgiaPrison Camp • Over 45,000 Union soldiers went to Andersonville during the 14 months that it was in existence. Of these, 12,912 died from disease, overcrowding, or exposure. They were buried shoulder to shoulder in trenches near the prison. • 100 died a day of starvation or exposure • Commander Henry Wirz hanged for murder and abuse

21. Men Rescued from Andersonville

24. The Gettysburg Campaign • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania • The Battle was the largest of the war. July 1-3, 1863 • Lee launched a fierce assault on the center of the Union forces.

25. Pickett’s Charge- July 3 • Between 1:00 and 2:00 pm, General Longstreet was ordered against his will to head across “no man’s land” • The “Billy Yanks” were waiting on top of Cemetery Ridge with reinforcements who were loaded with rifles and artillery • The “Johnny Rebs” were slaughtered first by artillery and then by minie balls

27. The Results of Gettysburg • The two armies suffered between 46,000 and 51,000 casualties. • Nearly 1/3 of Lee’s general officers were killed. • Southern morale was ravaged and they were vulnerable to another attack. • But a second attack never came…Lincoln was furious. • Bloodiest 3 days of the war. The South was never able to launch an offensive campaign again. True Turning Point of the War.

28. After the Battle

29. Gettysburg Facts • Bloodiest battle of war • Union had 23,000 casualties • South had 28,000 casualties • July 4, 1863, Lee retreats to Virginia

30. The Gettysburg Address • Lincoln’s moving speech is among the most famous in U.S. History

31. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

32. After Gettysburg… • Southern Campaign • The Tennessee Campaign becomes more important as General William Rosecrans (USA) followed orders to push General Braxton Bragg (CSA) into northern Georgia • Union troops then planned to attack Chattanooga one of the South’s only important railroad centers

33. Chickamauga1863 • Georgia was mostly left out of the first 3 years of fighting. • By 1863, Union wanted to take Chattanooga and move south. • Surprise awaited Union soldiers, when Confederates hit them hard at Chickamauga just south of Chattanooga

34. Chickamauga1963 • The Confederate force of 70,000 beat the Union force of 56,000. • The Rebels lost 18,454 and the Yankees 16,179 in the bloodiest two days of the War. • Largest battle fought in Georgia.

35. Grant’s “Total War” • Lincoln promoted General Grant to the rank of Lt. General and gave him total command of the Union forces • He called off the “gentlemen’s war” • Make war not only on the Confederate army but on the Southern people as well

36. Grant’s Right Hand Man…William Tecumseh Sherman

37. Spring/Summer 1864- • In an attempt to end the war, Grant directed William T. Shermanto march Union troops into Georgia to capture Atlanta. • General Sherman had orders to seize Atlanta, a rail and industrial center • Sherman had 98,000 Union troops with him

40. Spring/Summer 1864- Important battles were fought at Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, and Kennesaw Mountain. Confederate troops could slow, but not stop, the Union army.

42. http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/destruction-atlantahttp://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/destruction-atlanta September 2, 1864- Atlanta falls to Sherman’s army.

43. November-December 1864 Leaving Atlanta in flames, Sherman marches 300 miles toward Savannah, burning everything in a path 60 miles wide.

44. Dec. 22, 1864 Sherman telegraphs Lincoln: “I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah with one hundred fifty heavy guns, plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton.” The cotton sold for $28 million dollars. Sherman did not burn Savannah. http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/march-sea

45. January, 1865- The last Confederate port is closed.

46. January, 1865- President Davis’ last order as president of the Confederacy was to destroy anything in Richmond that the Union army could use.

47. April 3rd, 1865 Richmond is captured.

48. April 9th, 1865 Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant meet in the parlor of a farmhouse owned by Wilmer McLean near Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

49. April 10th, 1865 The formal document of surrender is signed. The war is over.

50. April 12th, 1865 The Confederate flag comes down and the stars and stripes is raised over the capitol in Richmond.