Addiction / Alcohol

1. Addiction / Alcohol Mr. Bower Health Education

2. List on the Whiteboard what people get addicted to.

4. Addiction video • Teenage Brain chemistry article

5. How it all starts • Addiction usually starts when a person does something he or she thinks will bring pleasure or help avoid pain. He or she becomes increasingly dependent on the behavior, as tolerance develops-the person needs more of the desired behavior to feel the same effect.

6. And then……. • Any substance OR activity that becomes the focus of a person’s life at the expense of other needs and interests can be damaging to health.

7. THE ADDICTION CYCLE • Tolerance- needing more and more to reach the same effect

8. Psychological Dependence • a condition in which a person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel good or to function normally. • Psychological signals: • use of drugs or alcohol as a way to forget problems or to relax • withdrawal or keeping secrets from family and friends • loss of interest in activities that used to be important • problems with schoolwork, such as slipping grades or absences • changes in friendships, such as hanging out only with friends who use drugs • spending a lot of time figuring out how to get drugs • stealing or selling belongings to be able to afford drugs • failed attempts to stop taking drugs or drinking • anxiety, anger, or depression • mood swings

9. Physiological Dependence • a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the substance. • Physical signals: • changes in sleeping habits • feeling shaky or sick when trying to stop • needing to take more of the substance to get the same effect • changes in eating habits, including weight loss or gain

10. Addiction can be psychological or physiological. • Withdrawal - may occur when a person stops using the drug on which he or she can become dependent on.

11. Addictive BehaviorsADDICTIVE BEHAVIORSHabits that have gotten out of control, with a resulting negative impact on a person’s life.

12. 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS • Reinforcement- some aspects of the behavior produce pleasurable physical and/or emotional states or relieve negative ones to reinforce the behavior. • Compulsion or Craving -individual feels a strong compulsion-compelling need to engage in the behavior, often accompanied by obsessive planning forthe next opportunity to perform it.

13. 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 3. Loss of Control- individual loses control over the behavior and cannot block the impulse to engage in it. He or she may deny that the behavior is problematic or may have tried but failed to control it.

14. 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 4. Escalation- more and more of a particular substance or activity is required to produce its desired effects. 5. Negative Consequences- problems with academic or job performance , personal relationships, and health.

16. Teenagers responses stay at the limbic system while adults move to the prefrontal cortex. • Emotional (E) = Limbic • Intellectual (I) = Pre-Frontal Cortex

17. “Drunkenness is nothing but voluntary madness” ~Seneca

18. What do you know about Alcohol? • Click the beer bottle below to take a T/F quiz on your practical knowledge of ALCOHOL.

19. Musicians who died an alcohol related death • Amy Winehouse – Alcohol Poisoning • John Bonham - 1948-1980 Died of choking on his own vomit after drinking vodka.Steve Clark - 1960-1991 Died of mixing alcohol and prescription pills (morpheine, valium, codeine)Jimi Hendrix - 1942-1970 Died of choking on his own vomit after drinking alcohol and eating barbituates.Bon Scott - 1946-1980 Died of acute alcohol poisoningStuart Cable - Stereophonics- 2010- Died of choking on his own vomit. • Ron “Pigpen” Mckernan– Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage • Jack Kerouac – Internal Bleeding

20. Alcohol and Teens • Alcohol is related to over ½ of all teen deaths each year • Alcohol is a factor in many unplanned pregnancies, STD transmissions, Dating violence, rapes and suicides • Nearly 5 million problem drinkers in the US are between the ages of 14-17 years old.

21. What is Alcohol? • Drug that slows down the central nervous system • Known as a DEPRESSANT • Depresses (slow down) your: • Heart rate • Breathing rate • Reflexes • Neural Functions

22. The affects of alcohol are influenced by: 6.Strength of drink 7.Amount of food eaten (before drinking) 8.Fatigue (before) 9.Speed of consumption 10. Other medicines taken 1. Gender 2. Age 3. Weight 4. Mood 5. Physical health

23. What is a drink? • A standard drink is: • One 12-ounce bottle of beer* or wine cooler • One 5-ounce glass of wine • 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.

24. How Much Alcohol is in a Product? • Proof: • Amount of alcohol in a drink • Double the percent of alcohol. • Ex. 20% Alcohol = • 40 proof • Drinks and Averages • Beer: 3-7% Alcohol • Wines: 12-14% Alcohol • Wine cooler: 1.5-6% Alcohol • Liquors: 40% Alcohol

25. Refusal Skills • Developing good self-esteem • Have good eye contact • Respond with a clear and firm "no" that does not leave the door open to future offers • How you say no is as important as what you say.

26. Refusal Skills • Identify the consequences ("We'll get in trouble.") • Suggest an alternative • Delaying • Use humor • Just say no

27. Effects on Body Alcohol affects all areas of the brain. (Reward system, Cortex (Thinking/Senses) and Brain Stem (Breathing/HR) Kidneys are poisoned as they filter alcohol from the blood Alcohol increases acid production in stomach. Leads to ulcers over time. Liver is responsible for breaking down alcohol. While it is working, it is being poisoned. Alcohol decreases calcium absorption. Bone loss occurs.

28. Good/Healthy Liver

29. Bad/Unhealthy Liver

31. Long-term Effects of Alcohol on the Body • To the Brain – • Addiction – inability to stop drinking • Loss of verbal skills, memory • Major brain damage • Cardiovascular Changes • Damage to the heart muscle • Enlarged heart – from increased workload caused by alcohol • High blood pressure – can cause heart attack/stroke

32. Long term effects • Liver problems – • Fatty liver – fats build up and cannot be broken down – excess fat blocks the flow of blood to liver cells, leading to cell death • Cirrhosis – liver tissue is replaced with useless scar tissue. This disease can lead to liver failure and death.

34. Alcohol’s effect on the body • Digestive system • Irritation – digestive lining is damaged; can lead to stomach ulcers and cancer of the stomach and esophagus • Pancreas Problems • Chemicals begin to destroy the pancreas, causing pain, vomiting, and can lead to death

35. Other Problems With Drinking Alcohol • Alcohol is a toxin. • Toxin: a substance that is poisonous (To all parts of body) • Blackouts • A period in which a person cannot remember what has happened. • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • The presence of severe birth defects in babies born to mother who drink alcohol during pregnancy. • Babies with FAS may have small eye slits, small head, and retarded physical and mental growth. • Leading cause of mental retardation.

36. Alcohol and Pregnancy • No level of alcohol use during pregnancy has been proven safe • Each year between 5,300 and 8,000 babies in the United States are born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), a combination of physical and mental birth defects –leading known cause for mental retardation • Alcohol is the third leading cause for non-genetic handicapping of infants in America – small head, deformities of the face, hands, feet, internal organs, hearing, vision • Many babies with FAS also have a brain that is small and abnormally formed, and most have some degree of mental disability. Many have poor coordination and a short attention span and exhibit behavioral problems.

37. Alcohol and your BAC • Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestines. • Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) • The amount of alcohol content found in your blood • The higher BAC, the more impairment occurs

38. Blood Alcohol Content and DUI • Legal Limit for Adult: .08 BAC • Underage Intoxication Limit: .02 BAC • Anything beyond is considered Driving Under the Influence (DUI)

39. Impairments • BAC of .02= decision making impaired. • BAC of .05= reasoning and judgment are impaired, decreased muscular coordination and reaction time. • BAC of .10= reasoning, judgment, self control, muscular coordination, and reaction time are seriously impaired. • BAC of .12= confused, disoriented, blurred vision, vomit. • BAC of .20= emotions are unpredictable, may pass out. • BAC of .30= little or no control over mind and body. • BAC of .40= unconscious and possible death

40. Questions for Discussion • Just because it is legal, does having a BAC below .08 make you safe? • Should a driver be able to have a blood alcohol content? • Should teens have a .02 BAC for DUI?

41. The disease of Alcoholism Alcoholism • Is a disease in which a person has a physical and/or a psychological dependence on alcohol. • Will show itself in different behaviors - violent, aggressive, withdrawn, quiet • Is a craving – he/she cannot manage stress without the use • Is a loss of control – he/she cannot limit his drinking and is preoccupied with alcohol • Is a Physical dependence – without alcohol, will experience withdrawal symptoms

42. The disease of Alcoholism • An alcoholic will build a Tolerance to alcohol - a need to drink increasingly greater amounts in order to feel its effects • An alcoholic will experience health/family, and legal problems – an alcoholic often suffers repeated injuries, receives multiple drunk driving citations, frequent arguments, poor relationships with family • An alcoholic may have a genetic link to alcoholism

43. The Stages of Alcoholism • Stage one – Abuse of alcohol. Use for social, use to relax, use for stress management, leads to psychological dependence. Drinks and gets intoxicated regularly, blackouts, memory loss – known as the “problem drinker”

44. The Stages of Alcoholism • Stage two – - Dependence – physically dependent on alcohol, becomes central focus, tries to hide the problem, performance of job, school work, etc, suffers. Makes excuses and blames others.

45. The Stages of Alcoholism • Stage 3 – - Final stage – drinking is the most important thing in a person’s life. The person is addicted to the drug and his or her life is out of control, although frequently he/she does not realize or acknowledge this fact. Because the liver is damaged, less alcohol is required to produce intoxication. Severe withdrawal symptoms if alcoholic tries to stop

46. How Alcoholism effects Family and Society • Major factor in the four leading causes of accidental death – car accidents, falls, drowning, house fires • Plays a major role in violent crimes – homicide, forcible rape, robbery • 40% of violent crimes are alcohol related • 2/3’s of victims who encounter domestic violence report that alcohol was a factor • Nearly half of all homicide victims have alcohol in their bloodstream • Codependency – codependents learn to ignore their own needs and focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholic

47. Treatment • The process of learning to live an alcohol free life is called recovery • Approx. 2/3’s of all alcoholics who try to recover are successful • Many resources are available to help people who have a drinking problem. Help is also available to the families and friends

48. Treatment • Al-anon – helps family and friends of the alcoholic • Alcoholic anonymous – provides help for the alcoholic • Nat’l. Asso. For Children of Alcoholics – provides help for children

49. In Class Activity • Students form groups of 5 • Each group should pair up with a second group • One group thinks about 5 reasons that teens give for drinking • The other group thinks about 12 reasons given for not drinking. • Combine together and have each person pressure someone from the other group using their lines.

50. True or False #1 • Drinking is not really that dangerous. FALSE- 1 in 3 teens is admitted to the Emergency Room for intoxication. Suicide, Drowning and homicides are also associated with alcohol.