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Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

Database Systems: An Introduction & Review. ICS 424 Advanced Database Systems Dr. Muhammad Shafique. Outline. Fundamentals Classifications Development process Administration. Fundamentals. Database concepts Database A database represents some aspect of the real world

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Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

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  1. Database Systems: An Introduction & Review ICS 424 Advanced Database Systems Dr. Muhammad Shafique Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  2. Outline • Fundamentals • Classifications • Development process • Administration Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  3. Fundamentals • Database concepts • Database • A database represents some aspect of the real world • A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. • A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. • It has an intended group of users and some preconceived applications in which these users are interested. • Database Management System • A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  4. Fundamentals (Cont.) • Database concepts • Data model • A collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database • Schema • The description of a database is called the database schema, which is specified during database design and is expected not to change frequently • The three-schema architecture • Internal schema • Conceptual schema • External schema Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  5. Fundamentals (Cont.) • Database concepts • Data independence: logical and physical • Database languages • DBMS languages • Database interfaces • Data modeling • Conceptual • Logical • Physical • Database design • Normalization Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  6. Fundamentals (Cont.) • Database issues • Query processing and optimization • Transaction processing and concurrency control • Database recovery • Security • Performance monitoring and reorganization Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  7. Classifications • Logical organization of data • Records-based database systems • Object-oriented database systems • Object-relational database systems • Deductive/logic database systems • Functional database systems • Physical organization of data • Centralized database systems • Distributed database systems • Homogeneous and heterogeneous • Client-server database systems • Mobile database systems Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  8. Classifications (Cont.) • Contents • Symbolic databases • Textual databases • Multi-media databases • Image databases • Spatial databases • Temporal databases • Application domain • Engineering databases • Scientific databases • Statistical databases • Manufacturing databases • Business Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  9. Classifications (Cont.) • Data usage • Operational databases • Decision-support databases • Data warehousing • Data mining • Tactical and planning databases • Nature of data • Structured databases • Semi-structured (like XML data) • Unstructured (like Web) Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  10. Classifications (Cont.) • Self modifiability • Passive databases • Active databases • Triggers Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  11. Historical Development of Database Technology • Early Database Applications The Hierarchical and Network Models were introduced in mid 1960’s and dominated during the seventies. A bulk of the worldwide database processing still occurs using these models. • Relational Model based Systems The model that was originally introduced in 1970 was heavily researched and experimented with in IBM and the universities. Relational DBMS Products emerged in the 1980’s. Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  12. Historical Development of Database Technology • Object-oriented applications OODBMSs were introduced in late 1980’s and early 1990’s to cater to the need of complex data processing in CAD and other applications. Their use has not taken off much. • Data on the Web and E-commerce Applications Web contains data in HTML (Hypertext markup language) with links among pages. This has given rise to a new set of applications and E-commerce is using new standards like XML (eXtended Markup Language). Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  13. Extending Database Capabilities • New functionality is being added to DBMSs in the following areas: • Scientific Applications • Image Storage and Management • Audio and Video data management • Data Mining • Spatial data management • Time Series and Historical Data Management The above gives rise to new research and development in incorporating new data types, complex data structures, new operations and storage and indexing schemes in database systems. Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  14. Database Development • Organizational context for using database systems • Early1970s to mid-1980s: large centralized repositories of data managed by single centralized DBMS • Mid-1980s to late 1990s: personal databases, client-server databases, data dictionary systems, data warehousing, and data mining • Current trend: distributed client-server database systems with Web applications • Data administration • Strategic planning, sets policies and standards, DBMS independent • Database administration • Control and supervision, enforces policies and standards, DBMS specific Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  15. Database Development (Cont.) • Information system life cycle • Feasibility analysis • Requirements collection and analysis, • Design (database design and application design), • Implementation, • Validation and acceptance testing, • Deployment, operation and maintenance Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  16. Database Development (Cont.) • Database application system life cycle • System definition ---scope of the database, its users, and its applications are defined • Database design • Database implementation • Loading or data conversion • Application conversion • Testing and validation • Operation • Monitoring and maintenance Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  17. Database Design Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  18. Database Design (Cont.) • Requirements collection and analysis • User groups, application areas, existing documentation, current operating environment • Conceptual database design • Conceptual schema design • Centralized approach • View integration approach • Transaction design • Choice of DBMS • Logical design (Data model mapping) • Physical design • System implementation Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  19. Administration • Database Administration Functions • Data as an organizational asset • Data-information-decision cycle • Database planning, including the definition of standards, procedures, and enforcements • Database Development • Database operations, performance monitoring and tuning • Database training and support • DBA must define, communicate, and enforce procedures for • Database security, privacy, and integrity • Database backup and recovery Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

  20. Summary • Fundamentals of database systems • Classifications of database systems • Development process of database systems • Database administration Database Systems: An Introduction & Review

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