Funding for New Medications

1. Funding for New Medications Hanna Morseman Jenna Weinstein

2. Background Most bacteria have started becoming resistant to the antibiotics which makes the bacteria harder to treat. With this dilemma there are many people concerned about how funding should be used.

3. Bacterial Meningitis Haemophius influenzae type b is the bacteria that causes Bacterial Meningitis. This bacteria is becoming resistant to the chloramphenicol drug that is being distributed to patients.

4. Children are mostly the ones affected by this disease because they are more vulnerable because the Hib vaccine was not fully working for all children under the age of 5. Most children under the age of 5 are affected the most because there immune system has not fully been able to respond efficiently to the polysaccharide taken from the bacteria

5. Bacterial Meningitis can be life threathening if not caught in time. Around 500 people die each year from Bacterial Meningitis.

6. Claim For 1 billion over 5 years we could develop the protein used to link it to the sugar to help the childrens immune system have a stronger response to the vaccine so if the children got this disease they would be able to fight it off easier and more efficiently.

7. Evidence Scientist have already started working on how to modify the vaccine to make it more efficient in children. They have discovered that if they take the polysaccharride and link it to a harmless protien that then with the protien with the sugar the childrens immune system has been able to make a stronger response.

8. Modified Results 20,000 serious cases were reported before Scientist discovered this modified version but since 2012 less than 25 serious cases were reported for children under the age of 5. If over 5 years we could make the protein stronger to cut down all the children's serious cases then about 85% of all serious cases would be taken care of.

9. Evidence The FDA had officially licensed, On August 19, 2009, Hiberix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium), a Haemophilusinfluenzae type b (Hib) modified vaccine composed of the Hib capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate) modified to inactivated tetanus toxoid . Hiberix vaccine is licensed for use as the final dose of the Hib vaccine series for children aged 15 months through 4 years.

10. Evidence Haemophilus b Conjugate ( Meningcococcal Protein Conjugate, PedvaxHIB)is a modified version of the Hib vaccine. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2010) This liquid conjugate vaccine is for infants and children ages 2 to 71 monthes of age. This vaccine is the themeningcoccal group B outer membrane of as the protein carrier. This is a purified polysaccharide of Hib. http://www.nvic.org/vaccines-and-diseases/HIB.aspx http://vaccines.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=005206#header_hib

11. Measure Actions This website can be used to measure is the course of action would work or not . Experimentations would have to take place with these studies to prove that everything would work. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM109810.pdf

12. Sources • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/375051/meningitis • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10470559 • http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html • http://www.nvic.org/vaccines-and-diseases/HIB.aspx • http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5836a5.htm • http://www.chop.edu/service/vaccine-education-center/a-look-at-each-vaccine/hib-vaccine.html